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Introduction to Dutch Verbs 1

Smartphone Viewers: An Earlier, Narrow-Screen Version

This page will show and explain the look and sound of the verbs in the various tenses (present, past, perfect) - how the words change.
The next page will show other modes, other uses of the verbs like the passive voice, the future tense, the Dutch continuous/progressive and other verb combinations.

You can follow links (‑>> or more ...) to more explanation and more examples - but you don't need to. At the end of the chapters are links to earlier versions of the material - reading and listening to the examples will help you better memorize, an easy way to further commit the material to memory.

You could also start learning the Dutch Verbs by reading Short, One-Page Introductions to the Chapters

 Introduction: The Simple Present Tense and the Verb Stem 
 The Verb Stem 
 The Simple Present Tense 
 The Simple Past Tense 
 The Perfect Tenses 
 Compound Verbs, sometimes Splitting up, and Inseparable Prefixes 

The Simple Present Tense and the Verb Stem

In the simple present tense, Dutch verbs have three forms:

For instance, drinken click to hear 'to drink'
drinken to drink
ik drink I drink
jij drinkt you drink (singular, informal you)
hij drinkt he drinks
wij drinken we drink
jullie drinken you drink (plural, informal you)
zij drinken they drink
U drinkt you drink (polite you)
click to hear more drinken - drinks

[Marco drinking tea]
ik drink click to hear 2
(I am drinking)

When the verb is placed before the subject, like in questions, there is no T added for the second person singular, for instance:
Drink je alcohol? click to hear 2 3 Do you drink alcohol?

ik click to hear ('I')
jij click to hear / je click to
  hear ('you' - singular informal)
hij click to hear ('he') - zij click to hear / ze click to hear ('she') - het click to hear / 't click to hear ('it')
wij click to hear / we click to hear ('we')
jullie click to hear ('you, you guys, y'all' - plural informal)
zij click to hear / ze click to hear ('they')
U click to hear ('you' - formal, polite)
- more personal pronouns

Verb stems ending in T do not add extra T's
wachten to wait
ik wacht I'm waiting
jij wacht you're waiting (singular, informal you)
hij wacht he's waiting
wij wachten we're waiting
jullie wachten y'all are waiting (plural, informal you)
zij wachten they are i waitng
U wacht you are waiting (polite you)
click to hear 2 more wachten

More about the Simple Present Tense Below

The Verb Stem

'Long' and 'Short' Vowels, Diphthongs and Consonants

'Short' vowels
a click to hear e click to hear i click to hear o click to hear u click to hear
'Long' vowels
aa/a click to hear ee/e click to hear ie ( ii ) / i click to hear oo/o click to hear uu/u click to hear
'voiceless, unstressed E' click to hear (the 'schwa')
e (uh) click to hear
'Long' and 'short' vowels are traditional names — it is actually more a matter of tone ‑>>
Diphthongs
au/ou click to hear ei/ij click to hear eu click to hear oe click to hear ui click to
   hear
Consonants
b - c - d - f - g - h - j - k - l - m - n - p - q - r - s - t - v - w - x - z

The Verb Stem and the Spelling Rules

In principle, removing the ‑EN ending from the infinitive will give the verb stem. denken click to hear 2 'to think'   [right arrow] denk click to hear 2 3
barsten click to hear 2 'to burst, crack'   [right
   arrow] barst click to hear
schaatsen click to hear 'to skate'   [right
   arrow] schaats click to hear 2 3

Removing the ‑EN ending from the infinitive does not change the sound of the remaining verb stem, but often the spelling changes.
In the three examples above, the spelling doesn't change because there are two or more different consonants before the ‑EN ending, but with one consonant or two of the same consonants before the ‑EN ending there will be spelling changes

There are no 'long' or 'short' diphthongs, no further spelling changes between infinitives and verb stems rijden click to hear 2 'to drive // to ride'   [right arrow] rijd click to hear
zoeken click to hear 2 'to search, seek'   [right arrow] zoek click to hear 2
bouwen click to hear 'to build'   [right arrow] bouw click to hear

The Spelling Rules in the Verb Stem:
28 Verbs - Smartphone
I usually describe the Gereral Spellling Rules in a different way:
short - medium - long, with many examples
another version
Learn Spelling by Studying and Listening to Examples

The Z/S and V/F Shift
The Z/S and V/F Shift is a somewhat related verb stem spelling feature: Dutch words don't end in V or Z, it's not a 'natural' sound for Dutch-speakers — when removing the ‑EN ending leaves a stem ending in V or Z, it will change to F or S, for instance wijzen click to hear 2 'to point'   [right arrow] wijs click to hear
graven click to hear 2 3 'to dig'   [right arrow] graaf click to hear
blazen click to hear 2 3 'to blow'  [right arrow]  blaas click to hear 2
geven click to hear 2 'to give'  [right arrow]  geef click to hear
When an ‑E or ‑EN is added to an V/F or Z/S verb stem, like for the simple present tense plural, the V or Z will return
The Z/S and V/F Shift in Verbs:
Beginning Verbs - Smartphone
The F/V and S/Z Shift in General

A few not very common verbs have a 'voiceless, unstressed E' click to hear (the 'schwa') followed by a consonant before the ‑EN ending — the stem of these verbs just removes the ‑EN from the infinitive because the voiceless, unstressed E does not follow the 'long' and 'short' vowels apelling rules, for instance: winkelen click to hear 2 'to shop'   [right arrow] winkel click to hear 2
luisteren click to hear 'to listen'  [right arrow]  luister click to hear 2
Read more: Beginning Verbs - 28 Verbs

A few verb infinitives don't end in ‑EN, like:
doen click to hear 2 3 'to do'   [right arrow] doe click to hear
zien click to hear 'to see'   [right arrow] zie click to hear the OE in doen  is a diphthong, and IE in zien  is a long i zijn click to hear 'to be'   [right arrow] various, irregular
gaan click to hear 'to go'   [right arrow] ga click to hear 2
staan click to hear 'to stand'   [right arrow] sta
slaan click to hear 2 'to hit, slap'   [right arrow] sla click to hear
In the conjugation of last three verbs another spelling rule comes into play:

So the T for the second and third person singular adds a second A to the verb stem:
ik ga weg click to hear 2 3 I'm leaving
hij gaat click to hear 2 he goes, he's going

Verb Stem Summary

(de) basisvorm click to hear 2 3 / (de) grondvorm click to hear 2 3 verb stem

The Simple Present Tense

Applying the verb stem rules (above) ...

  The Simple Present Tense Model 
  Spelling Rules 
  The V/F and Z/S shift 
  Special Cases 
  Irregular Verbs 

Simple Present Tense Model
(I) ik verb stem
(you - singular) jij verb stem +T
(he / she / it) hij verb stem + T
(we) wij verb stem + EN (= INFINITIVE)
(you - plural) jullie verb stem + EN (= INFINITIVE)
(they) zij verb stem + EN (= INFINITIVE)
(you - polite) U verb stem + T

ik click to hear ('I')
jij click to hear / je click to
  hear ('you' - singular informal)
hij click to hear ('he') - zij click to hear / ze click to hear ('she') - het click to hear / 't click to hear ('it')
wij click to hear / we click to hear ('we')
jullie click to hear ('you, you guys, y'all' - plural informal)
zij click to hear / ze click to hear ('they')
U click to hear ('you' - formal, polite)
more personal pronouns

Spelling Rules

denken click to hear 2 'to think'   [right arrow]   verb stem: denk click to hear 2 3
[me thinking]
ik denk click to hear
denken to think
ik denk I am thinking
jij denkt
you are thinking (singular, informal you)
hij denkt he is thinking
wij denken we are thinking
jullie denken you are thinking (plural, informal you)
zij denken they are thinking
U denkt you are thinking (polite you)
click to
  hear more denken
Removing the ‑EN ending doesn't further change the spelling of the verb stem because it ends in two different consonants

As I mentioned before, when the verb comes before the subject, like in questions, there is no T for the second person singular.
Denk je dat 't gaat regenen? click to hear Do you think it's going to rain?

lachen click to hear 2 'to laugh'   [right arrow]   verb stem  lach click to hear
[I'm laughing]
ik lach click to hear
ik lach I'm laughing
jij lacht you're laughing
hij lacht he's laughing
wij lachen we're laughing
jullie lachen y'all are laughing
zij lachen they are laughing
U lacht you are laughing
click to hear more lachen

liggen click to hear 2 'to lie down'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   lig click to hear
(liggen click to hear 2 ) to lie (down)
ik lig I'm lying down
jij ligt you are lying down (singular, informal)
hij ligt he is lying down
wij liggen we are lying down
jullie liggen you are lying down (plural, informal)
zij liggen they are lying down
U ligt you are lying down (polite you)
click to hear 2 more liggen
A double consonant before the ‑EN ending will become a single consonant when the ‑EN ending is removed because Dutch words don't end in double consonants.
A single vowel before single consonant at the end of a word  is short; a double consonant in the middle of a word indicates that a single vowel before it is 'short'

horen click to hear 2 'to hear'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   hoor click to hear
[an ear]
(het) oor click to hear 2
horen to hear
ik hoor I hear
jij hoort you hear (singular, informal you)
hij hoort he hears
wij horen we hear
jullie horen you hear (plural, informal you)
zij horen they hear
U hoort you hear (polite you)
click to hear more horen
A single vowel followed by a single consonant before the ‑EN ending will become a double vowel when the ‑EN ending is removed, because a single vowel before a single consonant that is the end of the word is 'short.' The vowel is doubled to indicate that it's 'long'

As I mentioned before, verb stems ending in T don't get an extra T for the simple present second and third person singular.

zetten click to hear 'to put'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   zet click to hear
zetten to put
ik zet I'm putting
jij zet you're putting (singular, informal you)
hij zet he's putting
wij zetten we're putting
jullie zetten y'all are putting
zij zetten they are putting
U zet you are putting (polite you)
click to hear 2 more zetten

eten click to hear 'to eat'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   eet click to hear 2 3
eten to eat
ik eet I eat, I'm eating
jij eet you eat (singular, informal you)
hij eet he eats
wij eten we eat
jullie eten you eat (plural, informal you)
zij eten they eat
U eet you eat (polite you)
click to hear more eten - food

staan click to hear 'to stand, be standing'   [right arrow]   verb stem:  sta
ik sta I stand, I'm standing
jij staat you stand (singular, informal you)
hij staat he stands
wij staan we stand
jullie staan you stand (plural, informal you)
zij staan they stand
U staat you stand (polite you)
click to hear more staan
A single vowel at the end of a word is 'long' (except E)
(Dutch words don't end in double vowels - except EE)
A single vowel followed by a consonant that's the end of word  is 'short,' so a 'long' vowel in that position needs to be doubled. So the T for the second and third person singular adds a second A to the verb stem:

rijden click to hear 2 'to drive // to ride'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   rijd click to hear
rijden to ride // to drive
ik rijd I'm riding/driving
jij rijdt you're riding/driving (singular, informal you)
hij rijdt he's riding/driving
wij rijden we're riding/driving
jullie rijden y'all are riding/driving (plural, informal you)
zij rijden they are riding/driving
U rijdt you are riding/driving (polite you)
click to hear more rijden - traffic
There are no 'long' or 'short' diphthongs, no further spelling changes between infinitives and verb stems.
In Dutch, a D at the end of a word is pronounced as T, double vowels are pronounced the same as single vowels, and DT is pronounced as T.

'Worden click to hear 2 is the auxiliary verb for the passive voice in Dutch ('to be' in English) but it can also mean 'to become' - 'begin to be'
worden click to hear 2 '~to be // to become'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   word click to hear 2
(worden) to be - for the passive voice
ik word I am
jij wordt you are (singular, informal you)
hij wordt he is
wij worden we are
jullie worden you are (plural, informal you)
zij worden they are
U wordt you are (polite you)
click to hear more worden
'Word'  and 'wordt'  sound exactly the same:
ik word click to hear 2 / hij wordt click to hear 2
Dutchmen often make spelling mistakes with 'word' and 'wordt,' writing 'ik wordt' or 'hij word.'

The V/F and Z/S shift

Dutch words don't end in V or Z - when removing the ‑EN ending leaves a stem ending in V or Z, it will change to F or S
blijven click to hear 2 'to remain, stay'   [right arrow] blijf
geven click to hear 2 'to give'   [right arrow] geef
lezen click to hear 2 3 'to read'   [right arrow] lees click to hear

blijven to stay, remain
ik blijf I'm staying
jij blijft you're staying (singular, informal you)
hij blijft he's staying
wij blijven we're staying
jullie blijven y'all are staying
zij blijven they are staying
U blijft you are staying (polite you)
click to hear 2 more blijven

geven to give
ik geef I give
jij geeft you give (singular, informal you)
hij geeft he gives
wij geven we give
jullie geven you give (plural, informal you)
zij geven they give
U geeft you give (polite you)
click to hear more geven

lezen to read
ik lees I read, I am reading
jij leest you read (singular, informal you)
hij leest he reads
wij lezen we read
jullie lezen you read (plural, informal you)
zij lezen they read
U leest you read (polite you)
click to hear more lezen

Special Cases

zien click to hear 'to see'   [right arrow]   verb stem:  zie click to hear
zien to see
ik zie I see
jij ziet you see (singular, informal you)
hij ziet he sees
wij zien we see
jullie zien you see (plural, informal you)
zij zien they see
U ziet you see (polite you)
click to hear more zien

doen click to hear 2 3 'to do'   [right arrow]   verb stem:  doe click to hear
doen to do
ik doe I do
jij doet you (singular, informal you) do
hij doet he does
wij doen we do
jullie doen you (plural, informal you) do
zij doen they do
U doet you (polite you) do
click to hear more doen

Unusual Rare Uncommon
A few not very common verbs have a stem ending in 'voiceless, unstressed E' click to hear (the 'schwa') followed by a consonant, for instance
    luisteren click to hear 'to listen'   [right arrow] luister click to hear 2
more luisteren
Read more: Beginning Verbs - 28 Verbs

A few unusual verbs have stems ending in consonant i
    groeien click to hear 2 3 'to grow'   [right arrow] groei click to hear 2
't dooit click to hear [it is thawing] - it stopped freezing Read more: Consonant i

A few rarely used verbs have a diphthong before the ‑EN ending - no special rules
breien click to hear 'to knit'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   brei click to hear
heien click to hear 2 'to drive piles into the ground'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   hei click to hear
    (for a house foundation on soft soil)
vrijen click to hear 2 3 'to make love'   [right arrow]   verb stem:   vrij click to hear

Irregular Verbs

Like English has 'I am' and 'you are' - 'I have' and 'he has,' and English doesn't say 'he cans,'  'he mays' or 'he wills,' a few of the common Dutch verbs are irregular in the singular of the simple present tense
zijn click to hear to be
hebben click to hear to have
zullen click to hear 'shall, will' - the future tense
mogen click to hear 2 'may,' 'to be allowed to'
kunnen click to hear 'can,' to be able to, to be possible, to be allowed to
komen click to
     hear to come
willen click to hear 2 to want, wish, desire, would like to

zijn to be
ik ben I am
jij bent you are (singular, informal you)
hij is he is
wij zijn we are
jullie zijn you are (plural, informal you)
zij zijn they are
U bent you are (polite you)
click to hear more zijn

hebben to have
ik heb I have
jij hebt you have (singular, informal you)
hij heeft he has
wij hebben we have
jullie hebben you have (plural, informal you)
zij hebben they have
U heeft you have (polite you)
click to hear more hebben
U hebt click to hear is also said, but I prefer U heeft click to hear 2 3
Note that B at the end of a word is pronounced as P, but as B in the middle of a word; B before T is also pronounced as P.

(zullen click to hear ) shall/will
ik zal I will/shall
jij zult you will (singular, informal you)
hij zal he will
wij zullen we will/shall
jullie zullen you will (plural, informal you)
zij zullen they will
U zult you will (polite you)
click to hear more zullen
Jij zal click to hear 2 ('you will') and U zal  are also said
Note that there is no T in jij zal  and hij zal

kunnen 'can,' 'to be able to'
ik kan I can
jij kunt you (singular, informal you) can
hij kan he can
wij kunnen we can
jullie kunnen you (plural, informal you) can
zij kunnen they can
U kunt you (polite you) can
click to hear more kunnen
'Jij kan' click to hear 2 and 'U kan' are also correct.
Note that the present tense has no T-ending for third person singular and in the 'alternate' for the second person singular - like English also doesn't say 'he cans.'

mogen 'may,' to be allowed to
ik mag 'I may'
jij mag 'you may' (singular, informal you)
hij mag 'he may'
wij mogen 'we may'
jullie mogen 'you may' (plural, informal you)
zij mogen 'they may'
U mag 'you may' (polite you)
click to hear more mogen
No T for jij  and hij

(komen) (to come)
ik kom I come
jij komt you come (singular, informal you)
hij komt he comes
wij komen we come
jullie komen you come (plural, informal you)
zij komen they come
U komt you come (polite you)
click to hear more komen
Komen click to
     hear 'to come' has a 'short O' click to hear in the singular, but a 'long O' click to
hear in the plural. Vowels of different length in the singular and the plural are a common feature with A's in the simple past tense

willen to want
ik wil I want
jij wilt you (singular, informal) want
hij wil he wants
wij willen we want
jullie willen you (plural, informal) want
zij willen they
U wilt you (polite) want
click to hear 2 more willen
willen click to hear 2 'to want, wish, desire, would like to' has the slight irregularity that the third person singular has no T: hij wil click to hear 2 3 but there is the regular T for the second person singular je wilt click to hear 2

Very fine points ...
In these irregular verbs you can see that polite 'you' U  sometimes takes the verb form of the second, sometimes of the the third person singular, and sometimes mixes it up, for instance
U wilt click to hear 2 you want, desire
Wilt U een bonnetje? click to hear 2 3 Would you like a (cash register) receipt? For the regular verbs polite 'you' U  takes the T but like the third person singular doesn't lose it in question etc. mode

Verb stems ending in T do not 'lose' the T in second-person singular questions etc (when the verb comes before the subject)
Weet jij? click to hear 2 Do you know?

Read more about the Dutch simple present tense:
Beginning Dutch Verbs
28 Verbs to Learn the Rules
Smartphone Verbs
'Easy Dutch' page 3
from the 'Lessons'
from the '1-page Summary'
from my First Verbs Page

(de) onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd click to hear 2  (ott click to hear)
['unfinished present time'] - the simple present tense

The Simple Past Tense

 Introduction 
 Weak Verbs 1: 't kofschip 

  't Kofschip  and the V/F and Z/S Shift 
  Weak Verbs 2: Non-'t kofschip  
  Strong Verbs 

In the simple past tense, Dutch verbs have two forms: one for the singular, and one for the plural. The plural adds ‑N or ‑EN to the singular: ‑N to weak verbs, ‑EN to strong verbs.

Two types of verbs for the simple past tense

hopen click to hear 2 'to hope'  [right arrow] hoopte click to hear 2
knippen click to hear 'to cut' w/ scissors  [right arrow] knipte click to hear 2 3
sloffen click to hear 2 'to shuffle, walk without energy'  [right arrow]  slofte click to hear 2
wassen click to hear 2 'to wash'  [right arrow]  waste click to hear 2
lachen click to hear 2 'to alugh'  [right arrow] lachte click to hear 2 3
wachten click to hear 'to wait'  [right arrow] wachtte click to hear 2
zetten click to hear 'to put'  [right arrow] zette click to hear 2
praten click to hear 'to talk'  [right arrow] praatte click to hear 2 3

willen click to hear 2 'to want, desire'  [right arrow] wilde click to hear 2 3
luisteren click to hear 'to listen'  [right arrow] luisterde click to hear 2 3
lenen click to hear 2 'to lend // to borrow'  [right arrow] leende click to hear
kennen click to hear '~to know'  [right arrow] kende click to hear 2
leiden click to hear 'to lead'  [right arrow] leidde click to hear 2
laden click to hear 'to load'  [right arrow] laadde click to hear 2

A few examples of strong verbs:

English  verb
infinitive
simple past
tense
past
participle
'to carry'  dragendroeggedragen click to hear
'to ask'  vragenvroeggevraagd click to hear ‑>>
'to go'  gaanginggegaan click to hear 2 ‑>>
'to fall'  vallenvielgevallen click to hear ‑>>
'to speak'  sprekensprakgesproken click to hear ‑>>
'to eat'  etenatgegeten click to hear ‑>>
'to read'  lezenlasgelezen click to hear ‑>>
'to come'  komenkwamgekomen click to hear ‑>>
'to look'  kijkenkeekgekeken click to hear ‑>>
'to get, receive'  krijgenkreeggekregen click to hear ‑>>

Unfortunately, you can't tell from the verb infinitive if it's a strong verb. Most of the common verbs are strong, but not all, as shown in the lists above. Some common verbs that are 'weak:'
willen click to hear 2 ('to want, wish, desire, would like to') ‑>>
hopen click to hear 2 ('to hope') ‑>>
kennen click to hear ('to know people, be familiar with things') ‑>>
leren click to hear 2 3 ('to learn' // 'to teach') ‑>>
praten click to hear ('to talk, chat') ‑>>
maken click to hear ('to make') ‑>>
halen click to hear 2 ('to get, collect') ‑>>
leiden click to hear ('to lead') ‑>>

Weak Verbs 1: 't kofschip

Verb stems ending in T, K, F, S, CH and P ('t kofschip click to hear) have ‑TE endings in the singular and ‑TEN endings in the plural.
Verbs from English with stems ending in ‑X also get ‑TE and ‑TEN endings (X is KS)

hopen click to hear 2 'to hope'   [right arrow]  hoop click to hear 2
simple past tense
(hopen) to hope
ik hoopte I hoped
jij hoopte you hoped
hij hoopte he hoped
wij hoopten we hoped
jullie hoopten y'all hoped
zij hoopten they hoped
U hoopte you hoped
click to hear more

knippen click to hear 'to cut' (with scissors)   [right arrow]  knip
simple past tense
(knippen) to cut (with scissors)
ik knipte I cut
jij knipte you cut (singular, informal you)
hij knipte he cut
wij knipten we cut
jullie knipten y'all cut (plural, informal you)
zij knipten they cut
U knipte you cut (polite you)
click to hear 2 more knippen

fietsen click to hear 2 'to ride a bike'  [right arrow]  fiets click to hear 2 3
(fietsen) to ride a bike
ik fietste I rode a bike
jij fietste you rode a bike
hij fietste he rode a bike
wij fietsten we rode bikes
jullie fietsten y'all rode bikes
zij fietsten they rode bikes
U fietste you rode a bike
click to hear much more fietsen

wassen click to hear 2 'to wash'  [right arrow]  was click to hear
wassen
to wash
ik waste
I washed
wij wasten
we washed
click to hear
more wassen - 2

blaffen click to hear 2 'to bark'  [right arrow]  blaf
blaffen
to bark (dogs ~)
hij blafte
he/it barked
click to hear 2
(There are only a few verb infinitives ending in ‑FEN)

maken click to hear 'to make'  [right arrow]  maak
maken
to make
ik maakte
I made
wij maakten
we made
click to hear 2
more maken

pakken click to hear 2 3 'to get, grab a.o.'  [right arrow]  pak click to hear
pakken
to get, grab a.o.
ik pakte
I got
wij pakten
we got
click to hear 2 3
more pakken

lachen click to hear 2 'to laugh'  [right arrow]  lach click to hear
lachen
to laugh
ik lachte
I laughed
click to hear
more lachen

't kofschip  verb infinitives ending in T, for instance:

wachten click to hear 'to wait'  [right arrow]  wacht click to hear
(wachten) to wait
ik wachtte I waited
jij wachtte you waited
hij wachtte he waited
wij wachtten we waited
jullie wachtten y'all waited
zij wachtten they waited
U wachtte you waited
click to hear more wachten

zetten click to hear 'to put'   [right arrow]   zet click to hear
simple past tense
(zetten) to put
ik zette I put
jij zette you put
hij zette he put
wij zetten we put
jullie zetten y'all put
zij zetten they put
U zette you put
click to hear 2 3 more zetten

Verb stems ending in T will have simple past tense endings in ‑TTE and ‑TTEN - but double consonants are usually not pronounced separately or 'longer' (which looks impossible for some consonants) — so for these verbs, the plurals of the simple present and simple past tense look different but sound the same:

wachten click to hear 'to wait'  [right arrow]  wacht click to hear
wij wachten click to hear
we wait, we are waiting
wij wachtten click to hear 2
we waited

zetten click to hear 'to put'  [right arrow]  zet click to hear
zetten
to put
wij zetten
we put
simple present tense
wij zetten
we put
simple past tense
click to hear 2

A single vowel followed by a single consonant before another vowel (or diphthong) is long — when the single consonant becomes the end of the word, the 'long' vowel needs to be doubled. Verbs with a T as that single consonant before the ‑EN ending will have simple present and simple past tense plurals that sound the same but are spelled differently, for instance:

praten click to hear 'to talk, chat'  [right arrow]  praat
overview
praten to talk, to chat
ik praat I 'm talking
wij praten we're talking
ik praatte I was talking
wij praatten we were talking
ik heb gepraat I have been talking
click to hear 2 3 4 more praten
praten
to talk
wij praten
we're talking
wij praatten
we talked
click to hear 2 3 4

wij praten click to hear 2
we're talking
wij praatten click to hear 2
we talked

't Kofschip  and the V/F and Z/S Shift

Verb intitiatives ending in ‑VEN or ‑ZEN have verb stems ending in the 't Kofschip  letters F and S, yet weak verbs of this kind will get not get ‑T endings but ‑DE and ‑DEN endings in the simple past tense, for instance:

geloven click to hear 2 'to believe'  [right arrow]  geloof click to hear 2 3
geloven
to believe
ik geloofde
I believed
wij geloofden
we believed
click to hear 2
more geloven

beloven click to hear 2 3 'to promise'  [right arrow]  beloof
beloven
to promise
ik beloofde
I promised
wij beloofden
we promised
click to hear 2
more beloven

vrezen click to hear 2 3 'to fear'  [right arrow]  vrees click to hear
vrezen
to fear
ik vreesde
I feared
wij vreesden
we feared
click to hear 2 3
more vrezen

verhuizen click to hear 2 3 'to move (house)'  [right arrow]  verhuis
verhuizen
to move (house)
ik verhuisde
I moved
wij verhuisden
we moved
click to hear 2
more verhuizen

28 Verbs - Beginning Verbs - Smartphone
The F/V and S/Z Shift in General

Weak Verbs 2: Non-'t kofschip

Weak verbs with stems NOT not  ending in T, K, F, S, CH or P have ‑DE and ‑DEN endings in the simple past tense, for instance

willen click to hear 2 'to want, wish, desire'  [right arrow]  wil click to hear
Simple Past Tense
(willen) to want, wish, desire, would like to
ik wilde I wanted
jij wilde you wanted (singular informal)
hij wilde he wanted
wij wilden we wanted
jullie wilden y'all wanted
zij wilden they wanted
U wilde you wanted (polite 'you')
click to hear more willen

lenen click to hear 2 'to lend' //
'to borrow'
  [right arrow]  leen click to hear
lenen
to lend //
to borrow
ik leende
I lent //
I borrowed
wij leenden
we lent //
we borrowed
click to hear
more lenen

kennen click to hear 'to know people, to be
familiar with things'
  [right arrow]  ken click to hear 2 3
kennen
~to know
ik kende
I knew
wij kenden
we knew
click to hear
more kennen

verdelen click to hear 2 3 'to divide' // 'to distribute'  [right arrow]  verdeel
verdelen
to divide //
to distribute
ik verdeelde
I divided //
I distributed
wij verdeelden
we divided //
we distributed
click to hear 2
more verdelen

vertellen click to hear 2 'to tell'  [right arrow]  vertel click to hear
vertellen
to tell
ik vertelde
I told
wij vertelden
we told
click to hear 2
more vertellen

gooien click to hear 'to throw'  [right arrow]  gooi
gooien
to throw
ik gooide
I threw
wij gooiden
we threw
click to hear
more gooien

luisteren click to hear 'to listen'  [right arrow]  luister click to hear 2
luisteren
to listen
ik luisterde
I listened
wij luisterden
we listened
click to hear 2
more luisteren

leiden click to hear 'to lead'  [right arrow]  leid
Simple Past Tense
(leiden) to lead
ik leidde I led
jij leidde you led
hij leidde he led
wij leidden we led
jullie leidden y'all led
zij leidden they led
U leidde you led
click to hear more leiden
Like 't kofschip  verbs with stems ending in ‑T have double T's in the simple past tense, non-'t kofschip  weak verbs with stems ending in ‑D have double D's in the simple past tense, and the plurals of the simple present and simple past tense look different but sound the same.
Do note that D's at the end of words sound like T's, but as D's in the middle of words ‑>>
leiden
to lead
wij leiden
we lead
wij leidden
we led
click to hear 2 3

laden click to hear 'to load'  [right arrow]  laad click to hear
wij laden click to hear 2
we're loading
wij laadden click to hear
we loaded

Strong Verbs

'Strong' verbs have a different vowel or diphthong in the simple past tense than in the simple present tense, and sometimes another vowel or diphthong in the past particle (the past particle is used in the perfect tenses and the passive voice - more in the next chapter.)

Strong verbs are usually listed in three forms, like this:

vragen
to ask
vroeg
asked
gevraagd
asked
click to hear
infinitive simple past
 tense (singular) 
past
participle
nemen
to take
nam
took
genomen
taken
click to hear

The verbs have just two forms in the simple past tense, singular and plural, plural adds ‑EN to the singular

You'll have to memorize the three forms of the common strong verbs — there are some patterns that may help with the learning
50 Common Strong Verbs:
Patterns of change - Alphabetic List
200 Strong Verbs:
Alphabetic List - Patterns of Change

Many of the common verbs are 'strong' and you can't tell from an infinitive if it's 'strong' or 'weak.' Here's a list you may already have seen above of common verbs that are 'weak'
willen click to hear 2 ('to want, wish, desire, would like to') ‑>>
hopen click to hear 2 ('to hope') ‑>>
kennen click to hear ('to know people, be familiar with things') ‑>>
leren click to hear 2 3 ('to learn' // 'to teach') ‑>>
praten click to hear ('to talk, chat') ‑>>
maken click to hear ('to make') ‑>>
halen click to hear 2 ('to get, collect') ‑>>
leiden click to hear ('to lead') ‑>>

Examples of the full simple past tense of a few 'strong' verbs:

vragen click to hear 2 to ask
simple past tense
vragen to ask
ik vroeg I asked
jij vroeg you asked
hij vroeg he asked
wij vroegen we asked
jullie vroegen y'all asked
zij vroegen they asked
U vroeg you asked
click to hear more vragen

The V/F and Z/S shift is also found in the simple past tense, for instance:

schrijven click to hear 2 3 to write
simple past tense
(schrijven) (to write)
ik schreef I wrote
jij schreef you wrote
hij schreef he wrote
wij schreven we wrote
jullie schreven y'all wrote
zij schreven they wrote
U schreef you wrote
click to hear more schrijven

Almost all strong verbs with A in the simple past tense have a 'short' A click to hear in the singular, but a 'long' A click to hear in the plural. Exceptions: hebben: had/hadden  ('to have') - denken: dacht/dachten  ('to think') and brengen: bracht/brachten  ('to bring') The 'short' A and 'long' A are shown in the spelling.

eten click to hear to eat
simple past tense
(eten) to eat
ik at I ate
jij at you ate
hij at he ate
wij aten we ate
jullie aten y'all ate
zij aten they ate
U at you ate
click to hear more eten - more food

lezen click to hear 2 3 to read
simple past tense
(lezen) to read
ik las I read, I was reading
jij las you read, you were reading
hij las he read, he was reading
wij lazen we read, we were reading
jullie lazen y'all read, y'all were reading
zij lazen they read, they were reading
U las you read, you were reading
click to hear more lezen

spreken click to hear to speak
simple past tense
(spreken) to speak
ik sprak I spoke
jij sprak you spoke
hij sprak he spoke
wij spraken we spoke
jullie spraken y'all spoke
zij spraken they spoke
U sprak you spoke
click to hear 2 3 more spreken

zeggen click to hear to say
simple past tense
(zeggen) to say
ik zei I said
jij zei you said
hij zei he said
wij zeiden we said
jullie zeiden y'all said
zij zeiden they said
U zei you said
click to hear more zeggen
A few verbs add a D in the plural simple present tense

kunnen click to hear 'can,' to be able to
simple past tense
(kunnen) 'can,' 'to be able to'
ik kon I could, was able to
jij kon you could, were able to
hij kon he could, was able to
wij konden we could, were able to
jullie konden y'all could, were able to
zij konden they could, were able to
U kon you could, were able to
click to hear more kunnen

Many of the most common verbs have consonant changes in the simple past tense, for instance:
weten click to hear to know (facts)
simple past tense
(weten) to know
ik wist I knew
jij wist you knew
hij wist he knew
wij wisten we knew
jullie wisten y'all knew
zij wisten they knew
U wist you knew
click to hear 2 more weten

'Zijn' click to hear 'to be' has an irregular simple past tense, like in English:
simple past tense
(zijn) to be
ik was I was
jij was you were
hij was he was
wij waren we were
jullie waren y'all were
zij waren they were
U was you were
click to hear more zijn

'Moeten' click to hear 2 ('must, should,' have to, ought to) is very unusual in that it only has a consonant added for the simple past tense, no vowel or diphthong change
moeten click to hear 2 'must' etc.
simple past tense
ik moest I had to
jij moest you had to
hij moest he had to
wij moesten we had to
jullie moesten y'all had to
zij moesten they had to
U moest you had to
click to hear more moeten

(de) onvoltooid verleden tijd click to hear 2 (ovt click to hear) ‑>>
['unfinished past time'] 'simple (imperfect) past tense'

Read more about the simple past tense:
Beginning Dutch Verbs
28 Verbs to Learn the Rules
Smartphone Verbs
'Easy Dutch' page 3 - Dutch and English strong verbs
from the 'Lessons'
from the '1-page Summary'
from my First Verbs Page

50 Common Strong Verbs:
Alphabetic List - Patterns of Change
200 Strong Verbs:
Alphabetic List - Patterns of Change
100 Common Verbs

The Perfect Tenses

 Introduction 
  Hebben  or Zijn?  
 Past Participles 

 Unexpected, Irregular Past Participle Endings 

 Splitting Verbs 
 'Inseparable Prefixes' 
 Summary 

In the perfect tenses, an auxiliary verb ('to have' in English, hebben click to hear or zijn click to hear in Dutch) is combined with a past participle - (het) voltooid deelwoord click to hear
The Dutch past participle usually has a GE‑ click to hear prefix and for most 'strong' verbs an ‑EN click to
hear or ‑N  ending; almost all 't kofschip 'weak' verbs add a ‑T ending to the verb stem, and non-'t kofschip weak verbs a ‑D ending.

Some regular examples:
ik heb gegeten click to hear I have eaten
heb je al gegeten? click to hear 2 have you eaten already? Did you already have dinner (or lunch or breakfast)?
ik heb gezien click to hear I have seen
ik heb gehoord click to hear I have heard
ik heb gegeven click to hear I have given
Heb je genoeg gedronken? click to hear ['Have you drank enough'] 'Did you have enough to drink?'
Hebben jullie 't leuk gehad? click to hear [Have you guys enjoyed yourself?] - Did you guys enjoy yourself?
ik ben gegaan click to hear 'I have gone' ('I went')

Hebben  or Zijn?

Most of the Dutch verbs use the simple tenses of hebben click to hear 'to have' combined with a past participle for the perfect tenses, like in English, but about 20 common Dutch verbs use the simple tenses of zijn click to hear (otherwise 'to be') as the auxiliary verb for the perfect tenses, for instance:
Ik ben gekomen click to hear 2 I have come Ik ben gebleven click to hear 2 I have stayed, remained - The verbs taking zijn  in the perfect tenses

A group of about ten verbs of motion, like lopen click to hear 2 'to walk, hike' - fietsen click to hear 2 'to ride a bike' or rijden click to hear 2 'to ride // to drive' can use either hebben  or zijn  — hebben when it's about the time spent in motion or the distance covered, and zijn  is used when it's about the destination., for instance:
Ik ben naar Veenendaal gefietst click to hear 2 'I rode a bike to Veenendaal' Ik heb een uur gefietst click to hear 2 'I rode a bike for an hour' - The hebben/zijn  verbs in the perfect tenses

The simple present tenses of hebben  or zijn  are used for the perfect present tense, and the simple past tense of hebben  or zijn  for the perfect past tense

simple present tense
hebben to have
ik heb I have
jij hebt you have
hij heeft he has
wij hebben we have
jullie hebben y'all have
zij hebben they have
U heeft you have
click to hear
Do note that B at the end of a
word is pronounced as P, but
as B in the middle of a word.
simple past tense
(hebben) to have
ik had I had
jij had you had
hij had he had
wij hadden we had
jullie hadden y'all had
zij hadden they had
U had you had
click to hear
Do note that D at the end of a
word is pronounced as T, but
as D in the middle of a word.

'Zijn' click to hear is usually translated as 'to be.' Only in the perfect tenses is Dutch zijn  translated as 'to have' in English

simple present tense
zijn to be
ik ben I am / I have
jij bent you are / you have
hij is he is / he has
wij zijn we are / we have
jullie zijn y'all are / y'all have
zij zijn they are / they have
U bent you are / you have
click to hear
simple past tense
(zijn) to be
ik was I was / I had
jij was you were / you had
hij was he was / he had
wij waren we were / we had
jullie waren y'all were / y'all had
zij waren they were / they had
U was you were / you had
click to hear

Past Participles

The Dutch past participle - (het) voltooid deelwoord click to hear usually has a GE‑ click to hear prefix and for most 'strong' verbs an ‑EN click to
hear or ‑N  ending; almost all 't kofschip 'weak' verbs add a ‑T ending to the verb stem, and non-'t kofschip weak verbs a ‑D ending.

Unexpected, Irregular Past Participle Endings

About 20% of the common strong verbs have past participles in ‑D or ‑T
zijn click to hear to be ‑>>
Ik ben geweest click to hear I have been
Ik was geweest click to hear 2 I had been
hebben click to hear to have ‑>>
Ik heb gehad click to hear I have had
Ik had gehad click to hear 2 I had had
denken click to hear 2 to think ‑>>
ik heb gedacht click to hear I have thought
ik had gedacht click to hear 2 I had thought
brengen click to hear 2 3 4 to bring ‑>>
ik heb gebracht click to hear 2 3 4 I have brought
zeggen click to hear 2 3 to say ‑>>
ik heb gezegd click to hear 2 I have said
kopen click to hear to buy ‑>>
ik heb gekocht click to hear I have bought
verkopen click to hear to sell ‑>>
ik heb verkocht click to hear 2 I have sold
zoeken click to hear 2 to search, look for, seek ‑>>
ik heb gezocht click to hear 2 I have searched
kunnen click to hear 'can,' to be able to ‑>>
(ik heb gekund click to hear I have been able to ‑>>)
A few common verbs that are 'weak' have a past participle in ‑EN
lachen click to hear 2 to laugh ‑>>
ik heb gelachen click to hear I have laughed, I was laughing
wassen click to hear 2 to wash ‑> - 2
ik heb gewassen click to hear I have washed
bakken click to hear to bake, fry, sauté ‑>>
ik heb gebakken click to hear 2 3 I have baked, fried, sautéed

Compound Verbs, Splitting Verbs
The next chapter will explain compound and splitting verbs in more depth - below
Dutch words can be combined to form 'compound words.'   Verbs can also be 'compound words,'  usually a combination of a preposition with a verb. Some of the 'compound verbs' are one word in the infinitive and in the past participle, but split up in the simple present and simple past tense ‑>>
Past participles of splitting verbs are one word but the past participle's GE‑ prefix is inserted between the two parts of splitting verbs, while non-splitting compound verbs don't add GE‑ to their past participles.

Not all compound verbs split up:

For example:

overtuigen to convince
ik overtuig I convince
ik overtuigde I convinced
ik heb overtuigd I have convinced
click to hear

overhalen to persuade
ik haal over I'm persuading
ik haalde over I persuaded
ik heb overgehaald I have persuaded
click to hear

'Inseparable Prefixes'
BE-, ER-, GE-, HER-, ONT-  and VER- are 'inseparable prefixes.' They don't come off in the simple present and simple past tenses. The 'inseparable prefixes verbs' also don't put GE-  in their past participles.

For example:

betalen to pay
ik betaalde I paid
ik heb betaald I have paid
click to hear
herhalen to repeat
ik herhaalde I repeated
ik heb herhaald I have repeated
click to hear

Be aware that not all verbs with word beginnings BE-, GE- and VER- are compound words. Two-syllables verbs can't be compound verbs, but are 'regular verbs' that don't split up either.
You can tell by the pronunciation, BE- GE- and VER- with 'short E' click to
hear or 'long E' click to hear are not prefixes, but BE- GE- and VER- with 'voiceless, unstressed E' (the schwa) click to hear are prefixes.

See for example: geven click to hear 2 'to give'

overview
geven to give
ik geef I give
wij geven we give
ik gaf I gave
wij gaven we gave
ik heb gegeven I have given
click to hear 2


Summary
In my estimate, about 30% of the strong verbs have the same vowel or diphthong in the simple present tense as in the past participle; about 45% of the strong verbs have the same vowel or diphthong in the simple past tense as in the past participle, and about 25% have a third vowel or diphthong in the past participle.
to ask  vragen  vroeg  gevraagd click to hear ‑>>
    to drive, to ride rijden reed  gereden click to hear ‑>>
to sit zitten zat  gezeten click to hear ‑>>
About 10% of strong verbs also have a consonant change - but about half of the common strong verbs, the most common verbs are often the most irregular.
to know (~facts)  weten  wist  geweten click to hear 2 ‑>>
to eat eten  at  gegeten click to hear ‑>>
A small number, about 5% of strong verbs have a past participle ending in ‑D or ‑T - but 20% of the 50 'common' strong verbs
to be zijn  was  geweest click to hear ‑>>
to have  hebben had  gehad click to hear ‑>>
Two of the 50 common verbs that are 'weak' have a past participle in ‑EN
to laugh lachen  lachte  gelachen ‑>>
to wash  wassen  waste  gewassen ‑>> - 2

Dutch usually puts past participles at the end of sentences or sub-sentences ‑>>
Jan heeft een boek aan Piet gegeven. click to hear 2 Jan has given a book to Piet.

(de) voltooide tijd click to hear 2 3 the perfect tenses
(de) voltooid tegenwoordige tijd click to hear 2 the perfect present tense
(de) voltooid verleden tijd click to hear 2 the perfect past tense
(het) voltooid deelwoord click to hear the past participle

More about the perfect tenses:
Beginning Dutch Verbs
28 Verbs to Learn the Rules
Smartphone Verbs
'Easy Dutch' page 3
from the 'Lessons'
from the '1-page Summary'
from my First Verbs Page

50 Common Strong Verbs:
Alphabetic List - Patterns of Change
200 Strong Verbs:
Alphabetic List - Patterns of Change
100 Common Verbs

Compound Verbs, sometimes Splitting up, and Inseparable Prefixes


 Inseparable Prefixes 

Dutch verbs can be 'compound words,' usually a combination of a preposition with a verb. 'Compound verbs' sometimes split up in the simple tenses, depending on the stress in the word:

The compound verbs that do split up place the past participle's GE- click to hear prefix between the preposition (or other word) and the basic verb; the compound verbs that do not split up don't add the usual past participle's GE-

A very small number of compound verbs are combinations with an adverb or a noun, for instance hardlopen click to hear 2 3 [to walk fast] -'to run,' glimlachen click to hear 'to smile' and stofzuigen click to hear 2 3 [to suck dust] - 'to vacuum' - more below

English  Dutch
infinitive
simple present 
tense
simple past
tense
perfect tense
to bargain  afdingen ik ding af ik dong af ik heb afgedongen click to hear 2
AF—dingen click to hear 2 3 to bargain for a lower price 
to leave behind  achterlaten ik laat achter ik liet achter ik heb achtergelaten click to hear
ACHTER—laten click to hear 2
to retrieve, find out  achterhalen ik achterhaal ik achterhaalde ik heb achterhaald click to hear
achter—HALEN click to hear 2
~ to pursue, follow  achtervolgen ik achtervolg ik achtervolgde ik heb achtervolgd click to hear
achter—VOLGEN
to collect, pick up  afhalen (ik haal af) ik haalde af ik heb afgehaald click to hear
AF—halen click to hear 2
~to await  afwachten (ik wacht af) ik wachtte af ik heb afgewacht click to hear
AF—wachten click to hear 2 3
to run  hardlopen ik loop hard ik liep hard ik heb hardgelopen click to hear 2 3
HARD—lopen click to hear 2 3
to take along  meenemen ik neem mee ik nam mee ik heb meegenomen click to hear
MEE—nemen click to hear 2 3
to go into hiding  onderduiken ik duik onder ik dook onder ik ben ondergedoken click to hear
ONDER—duiken click to hear 2 3 - Anne Frank
to maintain  onderhouden (ik onderhoud) ik onderhield ik heb onderhouden click to hear
onder—HOUDEN to maintain, keep in shape
to persuade  overhalen ik haal over ik haalde over ik heb overgehaald click to hear
OVER—halen click to hear 2
to convince  overtuigen ik overtuig ik overtuigde ik heb overtuigd click to hear
over—TUIGEN click to hear 2
to pay attention  opletten ik let op ik lette op ik heb opgelet click to hear 2
OP—letten click to hear 2 3
to advance (money)  voorschieten (ik schiet voor) ik schoot voor ik heb voorgeschoten click to hear
VOOR—schieten
to show, demonstrate  voordoen ik doe voor ik deed voor ik heb voorgedaan click to hear
VOOR—doen click to hear 2
to leave  weggaan ik ga weg ik ging weg ik ben weggegaan click to hear
WEG—gaan click to hear

OP—ruimen click to hear to tidy up, clear, put/store things in their place
opruimen to tidy up, clear
ik ruim op I'm tidying up
wij ruimen op we're tidying up
ik ruimde op I was tidying up
wij ruimden op we were tidying up
ik heb opgeruimd I have tidied up
click to hear

SCHOON—maken click to hear 2 3 to clean
schoonmaken ['to make clean'] - to clean
ik maak schoon I'm cleaning
wij maken schoon we're cleaning
ik maakte schoon I cleaned
wij maakten schoon we cleaned
ik heb schoongemaakt I have cleaned
click to hear ‑>

AAN—komen click to hear 2
aankomen to arrive
ik kom aan I arrive
wij komen aan we arrive/i>
ik kwam aan I arrived
wij kwamen aan we arrived
ik ben aangekomen I have arrived
click to hear
'Aankomen' can also mean 'to gain weight'

OP—treden click to hear perform as an artist, like a musician //
to take action, intervene
‑>>
optreden to perform
ik treed op I perform
wij treden op we performed
ik trad op I perform
wij traden op we performed
ik heb opgetreden I have performed
click to hear

OP—tillen click to hear to lift
overview
optillen to lift (up)
ik til op I lift
wij tillen op we lift
ik tilde op I lifted
wij tilden op we lifted
ik heb opgetild I have lifted
click to hear

Advanced
Under certain circumstances, in some special sentence structures, splitting verbs re-attach in the simple tenses, for instance:
't Zit mee click to hear 2 3 It's going well Als 't meezit ... click to hear 2 If things go well, if we're lucky ... t Zit tegen click to hear 2 3 It's not going well Als 't tegenzit ... click to hear 2 if it doesn't go well, if we're not lucky, if things don't work out ... ‑>> If you must ...

'Inseparable Prefixes'

BE-, ER-, GE-, HER-, ONT-  and VER- are 'inseparable prefixes.' They don't come off in the simple present and simple past tenses. The 'inseparable prefixes verbs' also don't put GE-  in their past participles.
Most of these prefixes are meaningless, but her- click to hear 2 means 're-, repeat,' and ont-  sometimes gives the opposite meaning to the root verb.
herbouwen click to hear 2 to rebuild
herkauwen click to hear 2 [to re-chew] to ruminate (like cows do)
bedekken click to hear 2 'to cover'
ontdekken click to hear 'to discover'

English Dutch
infinitive
simple
past tense
perfect tense
to promise beloven ik beloofde ik heb beloofd click to hear
to pay betalen ik betaalde ik heb betaald click to hear
to acknowledge erkennen ik erkende ik heb erkend click to hear
to believe geloven ik geloofde ik heb geloofd click to hear
to repeat herhalen ik herhaalde ik heb herhaald click to hear
to discover ontdekken ik ontdekte ik heb ontdekt click to hear
to move verhuizen ik verhuisde ik ben verhuisd click to hear

ontmoeten to meet
ik ontmoet I'm meeting
ik ontmoette I met
ik heb ontmoet I have met
click to hear 2 3 ‑>

verliezen click to hear 2 'to lose'
verliezen
to lose
- verloor
lost
- verloren
lost
click to hear
verliezen to lose
ik verlies I'm losing
wij verliezen we're losing
ik verloor I lost
wij verloren we lost
ik heb verloren I have lost
click to hear 2 ‑>>

verdelen to divide // to distribute
ik verdeel I divide // distribute
wij verdelen we divide // distribute
ik verdeelde I divided // distributed
wij verdeelden we divided // distributed
ik heb verdeeld I have divided // distributed
click to hear 2 ‑>

vertellen to tell
ik vertel I tell
wij vertellen we tell
ik vertelde I told
wij vertelden we told
ik heb verteld I have told
click to hear 2 ‑>

verdwijnen click to hear 'to disappear'
verdwijnen
to disappear
- verdween
disappeared
- verdwenen
disappeared
click to hear 2
verdwijnen to disappear
het verdwijnt it disappears
het verdween it disappeared
het is verdwenen it has disappeared
click to hear 2 3 ‑>>

A small number of strong verbs with an 'inseparable prefix' have past participles that are identical to their infinitives. Strong verb past participles usually end in ‑EN.

vergeten
to forget
- vergat
forgot
- vergeten
forgotten
click to hear
vergeten to forget
(ik vergeet) I forget
ik vergat I forgot
ik ben vergeten I have forgotten
click to hear ‑>

Vergeven click to hear 2 'to forgive'
vergeven
to forgive
- vergaf
forgave
- vergeven
forgiven
click to hear 2 ‑>

'Genezen' click to hear 2 3 'to heal' ‑>
genezen
to heal, cure

-
genas
healed, cured

-
genezen
healed, cured
click to hear 2 3
wij genazen click to hear 2 3
we healed, cured

onthouden click to hear 2 3 - to remember, memorize, commit to memory, 'not forget' ‑>>
onthouden
to memorize
- onthield
memorized
- onthouden
memorized
click to hear 2

zich gedragen click to hear 2 3 'to behave'
gedragen
to behave
- gedroeg
behaved
- gedragen
behaved
click to hear
zich gedragen to behave
ik gedraag me I'm behaving
ik gedroeg me I behaved
ik heb me gedragen I have behaved
click to hear 2

vervangen click to hear 2 'to replace'
vervangen
to replace
- verving
replaced
- vervangen
replaced
click to hear 2

'Afgelasten' (AF—gelasten) click to hear 2 3 'to cancel an event or a match' combines the 'splitting verbs' rule with the 'inseparable prefix' rule.
The most common use is in lines like this:
Het is afgelast click to hear 2 3 It has been canceled Als 't regent wordt de wedstrijd afgelast click to hear If, in case it rains the match will be canceled

afgelasten (AF—gelasten) click to hear 2 3
afgelasten to cancel
ik gelast af I cancel
ik gelastte af I canceled
ik heb afgelast I have canceled
click to hear 2 3
Ik heb afgelast click to hear 2 3 4 I have canceled Ik heb 't afgelast click to hear 2 3 I have canceled it

A very small number of compound verbs are combinations not with a preposition or a prefix, but with an adverb or a noun, for instance hardlopen click to hear 2 3 [to walk fast] -'to run'

hardlopen to run
ik loop hard I'm running
ik liep hard I ran
ik heb hardgelopen I have run
click to hear 2 3

But some of these compound verbs do not entirely follow the 'root' verb, like
glimlachen click to hear 'to smile'
Ik heb geglimlacht click to hear 2 3 I have smiled Ik heb gelachen click to hear I have laughed
and stofzuigen click to hear 2 3 [to suck dust] - to vacuum
Ik stofzuigde click to hear 2 I vacuumed Ik heb gestofzuigd click to hear 2 3 I have vacuumed
zuigen click to hear 'to suck' is a strong verb
zuigen
to suck
- zoog
sucked
- gezogen
sucked
click to hear

More on Splitting Verbs:
Smartphone
Compound Words in General

Next, Page 2: the Passive Voice, the Future Tense, Reflexive Verbs,

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Gij zult niet stelen click to hear 'Thou shalt not steal'