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Visit the desktop version for a list of interesting related words.
You may notice patterns in the vowel changes of the strong verbs, but
I doubt that they will be useful in learning - I don't
remember mention of patterns when I was taught English strong verbs.
Not all vowels are represented in the patterns list. Verbs with
some vowels don't fall into patterns, and for some other vowels there
are very few or no strong verbs.
sterke werkwoorden
2
'strong verbs'
(de) verleden tijd
2
3
'the past tense'
(het) voltooid deelwoord
'past participle'
Patterns? | |
The Strong Verbs Changes |
---|
|
Consonants Changes |
---|
infinitive and present tense |
past tense |
past participle |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
long A | short O OE IE |
long A long A long A |
||
exception: gaan | ||||
short A | short I | short A | ||
exception: vallen | ||||
long E | short/long A short/long A long O |
long E long O long O |
||
exceptions: weten, wreken, zweren | ||||
short E | short A short O IE |
short A short O short O |
||
exceptions: zeggen, scheppen | ||||
short I | short O short/long A |
short O long E |
||
IE | long O | long O | ||
exception: zien | ||||
IJ | long E | long E | ||
exception: zijn | ||||
UI | long O | long O |
English | infinitive | simple past singular |
past participle |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
example: | to be | was | (I have) been |
||
to go | gaan | ging | gegaan |
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|
to stand | staan | stond | gestaan |
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|
to understand, hear what is said |
verstaan | verstond | verstaan |
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|
to exist | bestaan | bestond | bestaan |
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|
to originate, come into being |
ontstaan | ontstond | ontstaan |
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|
to carry | dragen | droeg | gedragen |
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|
to behave | gedragen | gedroeg | gedragen |
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|
to ask | vragen | vroeg | gevraagd |
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|
to hunt // to hurry // to send, drive |
jagen | joeg | gejaagd |
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|
to slap, hit | slaan | sloeg | geslagen |
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|
to dig | graven | groef | gegraven |
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|
wij groeven
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|||||
to sail, move by ship |
varen | voer | gevaren |
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|
wind blowing | waaien | woei | gewaaid |
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|
alternative simple past: waaide
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|||||
to sleep | slapen | sliep | geslapen |
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|
to let, allow | laten | liet | gelaten |
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|
to guess // to counsel |
raden | ried | geraden |
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|
alternative simple past: raadde
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|||||
to betray | verraden | verried | verraden |
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|
alternative simple past: verraadde
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|||||
to blow | blazen | blies | geblazen |
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|
wij bliezen
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|||||
| -------- | ||||
to fall | vallen | viel | gevallen |
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|
to catch | vangen | ving | gevangen |
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|
to replace | vervangen | verving | vervangen |
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|
to hang (things) | hangen | hing | gehangen |
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|
| -------- | ||||
to give | geven | gaf | gegeven |
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|
wij gaven
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|||||
to forgive | vergeven | vergaf | vergeven |
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|
wij vergaven
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to eat | eten | at | gegeten |
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|
wij aten
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|||||
(G inserted in the past participle) | |||||
to measure | meten | mat | gemeten |
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|
wij maten
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|||||
to forget | vergeten | vergat | vergeten |
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|
wij vergaten
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to read | lezen | las | gelezen |
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|
wij lazen
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|||||
to speak | spreken | sprak | gesproken |
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|
wij spraken
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|||||
to take | nemen | nam | genomen |
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|
wij namen
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|||||
to break, crack,
rupture |
breken | brak | gebroken |
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|
wij braken
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|||||
to stab, to sting | steken | stak | gestoken |
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|
wij staken
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|||||
to steal | stelen | stal | gestolen |
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|
wij stalen
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|||||
to order, command |
bevelen | beval | bevolen |
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|
wij bevalen
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|||||
to eat like a beast (slang) |
vreten | vrat | gevroten |
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|
wij vraten
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to weigh | wegen | (woog) | gewogen |
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|
(wij wogen
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|||||
to move | bewegen | bewoog | bewogen |
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|
wij bewogen
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|||||
to consider | overwegen | overwoog | overwogen |
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|
wij overwogen
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|||||
to shave | scheren | schoor | geschoren |
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|
wij schoren
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|||||
alternate simple past: 'scheerde'
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|||||
to know (things) |
weten | wist | geweten |
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|
to swear (take an oath) |
zweren | zwoer | gezworen |
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|
to avenge | wreken | wreekte | gewroken |
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|
| -------- | ||||
to have | hebben | had | gehad |
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|
wij hadden
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|||||
to say | zeggen | zei | gezegd |
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|
wij zeiden
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|||||
Note D inserted for past plural | |||||
to think | denken | dacht | gedacht |
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|
to bring | brengen | bracht | gebracht |
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|
to pull | trekken | trok | getrokken |
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|
wij trokken
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|||||
to hit // to meet, encounter |
treffen | trof | getroffen |
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|
wij troffen | |||||
to swim | zwemmen | zwom | gezwommen |
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|
wij zwommen
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|||||
to fight, struggle | vechten | vocht | gevochten |
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|
to send | zenden | zond | gezonden |
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|
to salvage (ships) | bergen | borg | geborgen |
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|
to hide | verbergen | verborg | verborgen |
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|
to put away, store | opbergen | borg op | opgeborgen |
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|
to donate // to pour drinks |
schenken | schonk | geschonken |
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|
to braid | vlechten | vlocht | gevlochten |
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|
to dig, to mine | delven | dolf | gedolven |
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|
wij dolven
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|||||
to melt | smelten | smolt | gesmolten |
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|
to count, weigh; to be applicable |
gelden | gold | gegolden |
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|
to swell | zwellen | zwol | gezwollen |
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|
to help, assist | helpen | hielp | geholpen |
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|
to throw, cast | werpen | wierp | geworpen |
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|
to die | sterven | stierf | gestorven |
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|
wij stierven
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|||||
to enlist, canvass | werven | wierf | geworven |
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|
wij wierven
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to roam | zwerven | zwierf | gezworven |
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|
wij zwierven
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|||||
to spoil (active and passive) |
bederven | bedierf | bedorven |
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|
wij bedierven
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|||||
to create (like God) | scheppen | schiep | geschapen |
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|
to see | zien | zag | gezien |
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|
wij zagen
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|||||
to freeze | vriezen | vroor | gevroren |
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|
(wij vroren
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|||||
to lose | verliezen | verloor | verloren |
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|
wij verloren
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|||||
to lie
(to say what is not) |
liegen | loog | gelogen |
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|
wij logen
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|||||
to fly | vliegen | vloog | gevlogen |
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|
wij vlogen
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|||||
to cheat, deceive | bedriegen | bedroog | bedrogen |
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|
wij bedrogen
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|||||
to choose | kiezen | koos | gekozen |
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|
wij kozen
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|||||
to offer //
to bid (auction) |
bieden | bood | geboden |
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|
wij boden
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to forbid, disallow | verbieden | verbood | verboden |
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|
wij verboden
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to shoot | schieten | schoot | geschoten |
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|
wij schoten
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to pour | gieten | goot | gegoten |
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|
wij goten
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|||||
to enjoy | genieten | genoot | genoten |
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|
wij genoten
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|||||
| -------- | ||||
to climb | klimmen | klom | geklommen |
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|
wij klommen
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|||||
to win | winnen | won | gewonnen |
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|
wij wonnen
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to start, begin | beginnen | begon | begonnen |
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|
wij begonnen
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to be startled | schrikken | schrok | geschrokken |
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|
wij schrokken
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|||||
to find | vinden | vond | gevonden |
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|
to jump | springen | sprong | gesprongen |
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|
to sing | zingen | zong | gezongen |
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|
to force, compel | dwingen | dwong | gedwongen |
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|
to sound | klinken | klonk | geklonken |
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|
to shine, glitter | blinken | blonk | geblonken |
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|
to tie, to bind | binden | bond | gebonden |
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|
to connect // to dress a wound |
verbinden | verbond | verbonden |
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|
to wind | winden | wond | gewonden |
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|
to drink | drinken | dronk | gedronken |
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|
to sink (passively) | zinken | zonk | gezonken |
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|
to smell bad | stinken | stonk | gestonken |
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|
to shrink | slinken | slonk | geslonken |
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|
to shrink | krimpen | kromp | gekrompen |
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|
to wring | wringen | wrong | gewrongen |
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|
to devour | verslinden | verslond | verslonden |
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|
to push, press, shove | dringen | drong | gedrongen |
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|
to sit | zitten | zat | gezeten |
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|
wij zaten
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|||||
to lie down | liggen | lag | gelegen |
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|
wij lagen
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|||||
to pray | bidden | bad | gebeden |
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|
wij baden
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|||||
| -------- | ||||
to come | komen | kwam | gekomen |
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|
wij kwamen
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|||||
to walk | lopen | liep | gelopen |
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|
to be allowed to, 'may' |
mogen | mocht | gemogen |
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|
to buy | kopen | kocht | gekocht |
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|
| -------- | ||||
to 'become' | worden | werd | geworden |
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|
| -------- | ||||
to be able to, 'can' |
kunnen | kon | (gekund) |
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|
wij konden
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|||||
(D inserted in the past plural) | |||||
'shall, will'
(for the future tense) |
zullen | zou | - |
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|
wij zouden
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|||||
| -------- | ||||
to be | zijn | was | geweest |
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|
wij waren
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|||||
to look | kijken | keek | gekeken |
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|
wij keken
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to appear, look like, 'seem' | lijken | leek | geleken |
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|
wij leken
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|||||
to compare | vergelijken | vergeleek | vergeleken |
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|
wij vergeleken
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|||||
to appear ('it turned out') | blijken | bleek | gebleken |
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|
wij bleken
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to get | krijgen | kreeg | gekregen |
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|
wij kregen
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to grab | grijpen | greep | gegrepen |
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|
wij grepen
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|||||
to understand | begrijpen | begreep | begrepen |
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|
wij begrepen
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|||||
to stay, remain | blijven | bleef | gebleven |
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|
wij bleven
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|||||
to write | schrijven | schreef | geschreven |
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|
wij schreven
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|||||
to float // to drive (cattle etc.) |
drijven | dreef | gedreven |
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|
wij dreven
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|||||
to drive, to ride | rijden | reed | gereden |
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|
wij reden
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|||||
to suffer | lijden | leed | geleden |
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|
wij leden
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|||||
to fight, battle | strijden | streed | gestreden |
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|
wij streden
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|||||
to glide, slide | glijden | gleed | gegleden |
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|
wij gleden
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|||||
to praise | prijzen | prees | geprezen |
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|
wij prezen
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|||||
to rise (dough) | rijzen | rees | gerezen |
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|
to disappear | verdwijnen | verdween | verdwenen |
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|
wij verdwenen
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to avoid | vermijden | vermeed | vermeden |
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|
wij vermeden
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|||||
to wear out // to sell // to pass the time |
slijten | sleet | gesleten |
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|
wij sleten
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|||||
to wear out | verslijten | versleet | versleten |
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|
wij versleten
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|||||
to be silent, not speak |
zwijgen | zweeg | gezwegen |
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|
wij zwegen
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|||||
to rise | stijgen | steeg | gestegen |
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|
wij stegen
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|||||
to cut (with a knife) | snijden | sneed | gesneden |
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|
wij sneden
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to rub | wrijven | wreef | gewreven |
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|
wij wreven
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|||||
(W before R is pronounced as Dutch V) | |||||
to squeeze, pinch, press | knijpen | kneep | geknepen |
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|
wij knepen
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|||||
note that K before N is not dropped | |||||
to bite | bijten | beet | gebeten |
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|
wij beten
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|||||
to point | wijzen | wees | gewezen |
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|
wij wezen
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|||||
to teach | onderwijzen | onderwees | onderwezen |
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|
wij onderwezen
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|||||
to split | splijten | spleet | gespleten |
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|
wij spleten
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|||||
to iron (clothes) // to brush // to smooth |
strijken | streek | gestreken |
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|
wij streken
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|||||
to shine // to
appear, 'it looks like ...' |
schijnen | scheen | geschenen |
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|
wij schenen
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|||||
to blame | wijten | weet | geweten |
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|
wij weten
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|||||
to reproach | verwijten | verweet | verweten |
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|
wij verweten
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|||||
to regret | spijten | speet | gespeten |
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|
to grind, sharpen | slijpen | sleep | geslepen |
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|
wij slepen
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|||||
to throw angrily ('smite') | smijten | smeet | gesmeten |
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|
wij smeten
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|||||
| -------- | ||||
to do | doen | deed | gedaan |
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|
wij deden
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|||||
to search,
look for |
zoeken | zocht | gezocht |
![]() |
|
to call, shout | roepen | riep | geroepen |
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|
to have to, 'must' | moeten | moest | gemoeten |
![]() |
|
(only a consonant change) | |||||
| -------- | ||||
to hold | houden | hield | gehouden |
![]() |
|
| -------- | ||||
to dive | duiken | dook | gedoken |
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|
wij doken
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|||||
to bow, to bend | buigen | boog | gebogen |
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|
wij bogen
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|||||
to close | sluiten | sloot | gesloten |
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|
wij sloten | |||||
to decide | besluiten | besloot | besloten |
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|
wij besloten
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|||||
to whistle | fluiten | floot | gefloten |
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|
wij floten
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|||||
to suck | zuigen | zoog | gezogen |
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|
wij zogen
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|||||
to smell | ruiken | rook | geroken |
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|
wij roken
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|||||
to sneak | sluipen | sloop | geslopen |
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|
wij slopen
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|||||
to crawl | kruipen | kroop | gekropen |
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|
wij kropen
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|||||
to drip | druipen | droop | gedropen |
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|
wij dropen
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|||||
to shove, make slide |
schuiven | schoof | geschoven |
![]() |
|
wij schoven
![]() |
|||||
dust blowing //
to speedily go |
stuiven | stoof | gestoven |
![]() |
|
wij stoven
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|||||
to blow (your nose) | snuiten | snoot | gesnoten |
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|
wij snoten
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|||||
to sniff, to snort | snuiven | snoof | gesnoven |
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|
wij snoven
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|||||
to drink heavily (slang) |
zuipen | zoop | gezopen |
![]() |
|
wij zopen
![]() |
English | infinitive | simple past singular |
past participle |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
example: | to be | was | (I have) been |
|
to be | zijn | was | geweest |
![]() |
wij waren
![]() |
||||
| ||||
to have | hebben | had | gehad |
![]() |
wij hadden
![]() |
||||
| ||||
to come | komen | kwam | gekomen |
![]() |
wij kwamen
![]() |
||||
| ||||
to hold | houden | hield | gehouden |
![]() |
| ||||
to go | gaan | ging | gegaan |
![]() |
| ||||
to stand | staan | stond | gestaan |
![]() |
to slap, hit | slaan | sloeg | geslagen |
![]() |
| ||||
to know (things) | weten | wist | geweten |
![]() |
| ||||
to say | zeggen | zei | gezegd |
![]() |
wij zeiden
![]() |
||||
D inserted in the past plural | ||||
| ||||
to see | zien | zag | gezien |
![]() |
wij zagen
![]() |
||||
| ||||
to lose | verliezen | verloor | verloren |
![]() |
wij verloren
![]() |
||||
| ||||
to freeze | vriezen | vroor | gevroren |
![]() |
(wij vroren
![]() |
||||
| ||||
to be able to,'can' | kunnen | kon | (gekund) |
![]() |
wij konden
![]() |
||||
D inserted in the past plural | ||||
| ||||
'shall, will'
(for the future tense) |
zullen | zou | - |
![]() |
wij zouden
![]() |
||||
D inserted in the past plural | ||||
| ||||
to do | doen | deed | gedaan |
![]() |
wij deden
![]() |
||||
| ||||
to have to, 'must' | moeten | moest | gemoeten |
![]() |
only a consonant change | ||||
| ||||
to think | denken | dacht | gedacht |
![]() |
| ||||
to bring | brengen | bracht | gebracht |
![]() |
| ||||
to be allowed to, 'may' | mogen | mocht | gemogen |
![]() |
| ||||
to buy | kopen | kocht | gekocht |
![]() |
| ||||
to search, look for | zoeken | zocht | gezocht |
![]() |
Alphabetic List of Strong Verbs
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Gij zult niet stelen
'Thou shalt not steal'