Major Exceptions to the Phonetic Spelling of Dutch:
- Page 1:   een   -IG   -ISCH   -LIJK  
- Page 2:   -B   -D   SCHR   -TIE   UW   WR
Hear the Dutch Letters in Hundreds of Words:
 AU/OU  CH  EU  F  G  H  L  OE  SCH  U  UI  W  X  Y
'Master Lists' of Dutch words: Dutch to English - English to Dutch

E in Dutch - Three Dutch E's

(de) E
Why is E different?

The sound of some Dutch letters (like for instance G and CH) is hard to reproduce for people who are not native speakers - but the E has another problem that must be difficult for foreign students. I think it's one of the great problems of Dutch pronunciation.
The other vowels have 'long' and 'short' versions and generally follow the spelling and pronunciations rules - you can usually tell from the spelling if a vowel is 'long' or 'short,' and from hearing the word you'll know how it's written.

a aa/a

i ie / i

o oo/o

u uu/u

'Long' and 'short' are traditional terms. The difference is actually more of tone than length. Syllables ending in a vowel are called 'open' (open ) and syllables ending in a consonant are called 'closed' (gesloten ) - hence some linguists call 'long' vowels vrij ('free') and 'short' vowels gedekt 2 3 ('~covered, checked?')
(de) lettergreep ) ('syllable') - plural: lettergrepen / let-ter-gre-pen 2

Dutch spelling/pronunciation rules say that:

• a double vowel is always 'long'
  (de) slaap ('sleep') - (de) vloot 2 ('fleet')
• a single vowel at the end of a word is always 'long' (except E)
  (de) sla ('lettuce') - (de) vlo 2 ('flea') - de 2 ('the' #1)
• a single vowel followed by one or more consonants at the end of a word is 'short'
  slap ('weak') - (het) vlot 2 3 ('raft')
• a single vowel followed by one consonant followed by another vowel is 'long.' - The syllables split is before the single consonant. (This works somewhat like English 'silent E,' though in Dutch the second vowel will not be silent)
  slapen (sla-pen) ('to sleep) vloten (vlo-ten) 2 ('fleets')
• a single vowel followed by two or more consonants is 'short.' The syllable break is between the consonants, so in effect this says: 'a single vowel followed by one or more consonants at the end of a syllable is 'short.''
  slappe (slap-pe) ('weak') - vlotten (vlot-ten) 2 3 ('rafts')
  This rule 'works' for double consonants, but not always when the consonants are different

mannen (man-nen) 2

(de) maan 2 ('moon')

manen (ma-nen) 2 3

More about spelling and pronunciation - another version
Learn the Rules by Studying and Listening to Examples

E is not like the other vowels because next to 'short' E and 'long' E there is a third E, the 'voiceless, unstressed E' (the 'schwa.')

e

ee/e

e ("uh")

This 'third E' is outside the 'long' and 'short' spelling and pronunciation rules. A single E in a word can be 'long,'  'short' or 'voiceless, unstressed.' Dutch people will have heard the words pronounced correctly many times and generally have no trouble when to use which E, but it must be a problem for foreign students. There are good, simple rules, but they do not cover all cases and there are (of course!) exceptions to the rules.

In Dutch, the 'voiceless, unstressed E' is called 'stomme E' 2 or 'toonloze E' though I'd rather call it 'niet-beklemtoonde E' ('unstressed E') or 'doffe E' 2 ('dull E')

Hear the three E's in a few Dutch words:
'short' E : è - 'long' E : é
voiceless, unstressed E : uh

de lege zee duh léguh zé the empty sea	het hele meer hèt héluh mér the entire lake
spelregel 2 spèlréguhl a game rule	veldleger vèldléguhr army in the field
berenvel béruhnvèl a bear skin	medemens méduhmèns a fellow human "neighbor"
reserveren résèrvéruhn to reserve	reservedeken ruhsèrvuhdékuhn a spare blanket
vegeteren 2 3 véguhtéruhn to vegetate	presteren 2 3 prèstéruhn to achieve, perform
terdege 2 tèrdéguh thoroughly	zelfklevend 2 3 zèlfklévuhnd to achieve, perform
beken békuhn brooks, small streams	beken! 2 3 buhkèn confess!
't regent uht réguhnt it is raining	de regent duh ruhgènt the governor of the Dutch Indies

The syllables with 'stress' in the word don't have voiceless, unstressed E's - more examples
(de) klemtoon 2 'stress, emphasis' in words

Suggesting What to Do
Beginners: Read the Introductory chapters, listen to the 'Introducing the Sounds' examples
Intermediate students: Study the Introduction, listen closely to the 'Introducing the Sounds' examples, repeat them after me
Advanced students: Read the Introduction again and listen to and repeat as many of the examples as you like

E Rules

Single E at the end of a word
Single E after a consonant at the end of a word is almost always pronounced as voiceless, unstressed E: (one exception below)
- alle ('all') - (de) aarde ('the earth // soil, dirt') - witte 2 3 ('white') ‑>> - lieve ('dear') - (het) kopje ('cup, small cup') - rode ('red') ‑>> - (het) zusje ('sister') dure 2 3 4 ('expensive')
exception: The single E at the end of the city name Enschede is a 'long' E

The Dutch article #1 de 2 ('the') - and also several pronouns and a few other common words end in voiceless, unstressed E:
- je ('you') - ge 2 (Flemish 'you') - me 2 ('me') - we ('we') - ze ('she // they')
A few more one-syllable words with voiceless, unstressed E: - m'n ('my') - z'n ('his')
- 'n ('a') - 't ('the' // 'it') - te ('too' - excess) ‑>> - 'r ('her; ~there') - d'r ('her; ~there') - note that these are about all the Dutch one-syllable words with voiceless, unstressed E
more personal pronouns
- also see note about the IJ and E versions of personal pronouns below

BE-, GE-, TE- and VER- Prefixes
word beginnings be-, ge-, te-  and ver- have voiceless, unstressed E:
begroot gekort tekort vergroot
- belet gered terecht verlet
- bepaald 2 ('specific, certain') - (het) beton 2 ('concrete')
- (het) gebit 2 3 ('teeth,' "teeth") - (het) gedoe 2 ('fuss')
- (het) tekort 2 ('shortage, lack') - terug ('back' - going, coming)
- verdacht 2 3 ('suspect, suspicious') - (het) verdriet 2 ('grief, sadness')
VER- exceptions compound words with ver 2 3 4 ('far') ‑>> and the verb vergelijken 2 ('to compare') ‑>>

-EN, -ER and -EL suffixes
word endings -en, -er  and -el have voiceless, unstressed E:
- planten winter wortel
- boven 2 ('up, upstairs; over') - binnen 2 ('inside')
- ander ('other') - (de) boter ('butter')
- (de) appel ('apple') - (de) borstel ('brush')
wekken wekker wikkel 2

Prefixes and suffixes may also appear in the middle of compound words, for example:
- begeleiden 2 ('to accompany' - as a friend - as a counsel ('to guide, counsel, support') - or as a musician) - (de) begeleider 2 ('companion' // 'counselor, supervisor' // 'accompanist') - tegelijk 2 ('at the same time') - tevergeefs 2 3 ('in vain' - no success, no results) - blikopeners 2 '(can openers') - smokkelen 2 ('to smuggle')

But unfortunately, not all these letter combinations be-, ge-,  and te-  and -e, -el, -en  and -er  are prefixes and suffixes. Above is a list of all the one-syllable words with 'voiceless, unstressed E' but there are many other one-syllable words with a single E that's pronounced as 'short E' - a few examples:
- en 2 ('and') - er ('~there') - ik ben ('I am') - ver 2 3 4 ('far') - den ('pine tree; old definite article') - het 2 3 ('the' #2 // 'it') - hem ('him')

And you'll see words that look like a combinations of a prefix and a suffix, but that cannot be, a word cannot be only a suffix and a prefix. And there are no words with only voiceless, unstressed E's as vowels, except the ten or so one-syllable words with voiceless, unstressed E mentioned above
Listen to the next group of words:
- beter 2 ('better') ‑>> - geven 2 ('to give') ‑>> - (het) teken 2 3 ('sign') ‑>> - (de) verte 2 ('~distance') - vertel! ('tell me/us!')
You can safely assume that the -E and -EN ending are 'voiceless, unstressed E' because it's extremely rare that those E's are not 'voiceless, unstressed.' The only exceptions I can think of are the city name Enschede that I mentioned before and somewhat unusual words like (het) geren 2 3 ("running around," 'hurry, haste') and beken! 2 3 ('confess!')
But with the other prefixes and suffixes of the rules there may be a problem, you may have to remember pronunciation.

Many plurals and verb infinitives are in the pattern
prefix - stressed syllable with long or short vowel - EN
For example:
bedenken 2 3 ('to think up, ~invent') - beheersen ('to control') - genezen 2 3 ('to cure,'  "heal") - gebeuren ('to happen') - geloven 2 ('to believe') - vergeten 2 3 ('to forget') - verklaren 2 ('to explain')
But there are exceptions - try to memorize the exceptions as you come across them

Some words sound like they have two voiceless, unstressed E's, but that's because 'short U' sounds just like voiceless, unstressed E
- tussen ('between, among') - (de) kunde 2 3 ('~learned skill') ‑>>
the U-page

HER- and -TER Prefixes
The word beginnings her- (meaning: 're-') and ter- have 'short' E
- (het) herstel ('reparation, rebuilding') ‑>> - hervormd (a protestant denomination)
- terloops ('in passing, casually') - terwijl 2 ('while') ‑>>
But again, not all ter- and her- are prefixes: - tere ('fragile') - de Here ('the Lord, God' - old-fashioned)

The -ET Suffix
The-ET ending (-et 2) has 'short' E
- (de) servet 2 ('napkin') - (het) toilet ('bathroom, toilet' - French OI) - (het) banket ('pastry')

The -ES endings
Nouns ending in single E (voiceless, unstressed E) usually add an -S for the plural (more / exceptions) resulting in an ending with voiceless, unstressed E: -es - for instance:
- (de) dame / dames ('lady' / 'ladies') - (het) meisje / meisjes ('girl' / 'girls') - (de) machine 2 / machines 2 ('machine' / 'machines') - (het) koekje / koekjes ('cookie' / 'cookies')
But some job titles and words describing people ending in -R have a female form with an -es 2 ending with 'short' E, for instance:
- (de) onderwijzer / (de) onderwijzeres ('elementary school teacher, male/female')
- (de) leraar / (de) lerares ('secondary, 'high' school teacher, male/ female')
- leraren / leraressen ('secondary, 'high' school teachers, male/female')

This page is not a complete list of all words with E that I have recorded. Use the 'search' function top left on the page when you're looking for for other words
Many words are used twice as examples

The Apostrophe, Contractions, Personal Pronouns

unstressed E'

- 't

- het 2 3 ('the; it')

- m'n

- mijn ('my')

- z'n

- zijn ('his')

- 'r

haar ('her')

er ('~there')

- d'r

The abbreviation - 'n ('a' - the indefinite article) stands for een  - but unlike the previous abbreviated words, een  is an exception to phonetic pronunciation, not said with the 'long E' you'd expect but with 'voiceless, unstressed E' - so: een
The number 'one' is één 2 3

The apostrophe in the time indication 's ...s  is not  pronounced with a 'voiceless, unstressed E.' Its first S is just said as an S:
's winters ('in Winter') and 's zomers ('in Summer')
's morgens ('in the morning') - 's middags ('in the afternoon') - 's avonds ('in the evening') - 's nachts 2 3 ('at night')
It is of limited use, cannot be used with all 'time' words
's Avonds ging de zon onder 2 In the evening the sun went down 's Woensdags eten we vaak linzen 2 3 On wednesdays we often [eat] have lentils more 'Time' words and phrases
See also 'eens'  below

You may have noticed that several personal pronouns come in a 'IJ'  and an 'E'  ('voiceless, unstressed E') version. Next to m'n / mijn ('my') and z'n / zijn ('his') mentioned above:

mij 2 me me

jij je you (singular, informal)

zij ze she / they

wij we we

'Je' ('you' - singular, informal) can be used in all positions: subject, possessive and objects. 'Mij'  and 'me'  are third or fourth person (objects, dative, accusative) - but the other IJ-versions are only used as the first person (subject, nominative) - but generally you can also use the E-version, there is not much difference, though when said with stress the IJ-version refers more pointedly to individuals, like in these examples:

We zijn de dupe 2 3 We are the victims, we pay the price, we've been had Wij zijn de dupe 2 3 We are the ones paying the price, it's us who are the victims Weet je waar de sleutel is? Do you know where the key is? - Do you happen to know? Weet jij waar de sleutel is? 2 Do you know where the key is? - Are you the one who knows? Weet jij hoe je 't moet uitspreken? 2 3 Do you know how to pronounce it? (can you tell me?) Weet je hoe je 't moet uitspreken? 2 Do you know how to pronounce it? (if not, I can tell you) more examples of personal pronouns usage

Pronunciation: Hear for Yourself

The 'first series' is grouped by the letter before the E's, the 'second series' is grouped by the letter after the E's:

- first series: AE-ZE - second series: EA-EZ

the: de 2 / het 2 3 - 't ->>
Plurals always take 'de'
a: (een) - 'n / one: één 2 3

Repeat the words after me, try saying them like I do, and record yourself or ask a friend to compare how you say them with how I say them. Try to bring your pronunciation of the words closer and closer to how I say them. Use as few or as many examples as you like.

Introducing the Sounds 1
E	- (de) eb 2 ('ebb, ebb tide') - (de) echo 2 ('echo') - echt 2 3 ('real') - Ed (a boys' name) - effe 2 ('quickly, in a moment' - slang) - effen 2 3 4 ('solid' - color) - (de) eg ('harrow' - agriculture tool) - (de) ekster 2 ('magpie') - a bird ‑>> - (de) el ('old length measurement, 69cm') - Emma (a girls' name) - emmers 2 3 ('buckets') - en 2 ('and') ‑>> - en dan ... 2 ('and then ...') - eng ('frightening, scary') - [(het)] Engels / Engelse 2 3 ('English') - er ('there' // '~it') ‑>> - (het) erf 2 3 ('~lot, ~premises' - the area around a farmhouse and its side buildings, not the agriculture land) - (de) es 2 ('ash' - a tree) - (de) essentie 2 ('essence') - (het) etmaal 2 ('24 hours' - formal) - ex ('ex') - (het) examen 2 3 ('exam, test')
EE	- (de) eed 2 3 ('oath') - Edam 2 (a town) - Ede 2 (a town) - gedwee / gedweeë 2 ('docile, pliable') - Eef (a girls' name) - (de) egel ('hedgehog') - (het) ego 2 3 ('ego') - (de) eekhoorn 2 ('squirrel') - Eelde 2 3 (a town) - (het) eelt 2 3 4 ('hardened skin, calluses') - Eemnes 2 (a town) - emotioneel 2 ('emotional') - één (een) 2 ('1, one') - enig / enige 2 / enig/enige ('only, single, unique' // 'any' ‑>> - (de) energie 2 ('energy') - (de) eer 2 ('honor') - eerst 2 / eerste 2 ('first') - eet! 2 ('eat!') - [(het)] eten ('food' // 'to eat' ‑>> - even 2 3 ('a moment' // '~just as' // 'even' - numbers) ‑>> - (de) evolutie 2 ('evolution') - (de) ezel 2 ('donkey, ass')
uh	- 'n (een) ('a' - the indefinite article) ‑>> - 't (het) ('#2 the' // 'it') ‑>> - 'r (short for: er  ('there' // '~it') ‑>> or for haar  ('her') ‑>> - 's (colloquial eens) ‑>>

Introducing the Sounds 2
E	- bèè (sheep bleating) - (de) cel 2 ('cell') - French CH: - (de) chef 2 ('boss, manager, supervisor') - (de) delta 2 3 ('delta') - fel ('fierce, sharp, keen') - (het) gen ('gene') - hè ("isn't it?") ‑>> // '~bummer!' (disappointment) ‑>> - Jet (a girls' name) - ken 2 3 ('know' - simple present tense singular or imperative) - (het) lef 2 ('courage,' "guts" - slang) - (het) mes 2 3 ('knife') - plural: - messen 2 3 ('knives') - nep- 2 3 ('fake') - nou en? 2 ('so what?' [now and?]) - (de/het) pek 2 3 ('pitch') - [(het)] recht 2 ('straight' // 'right, being entitled to') - (de) sectie ('autopsy' // 'section, department') - (de) tel ('~count') - tellen 2 ('to count') - ver 2 3 ('far, distant') - [(de)] weg ('way, road' // 'away') - zelf 2 ('self')
EE	- B ('letter B') - (de) ceder ('cedar' - a tree) - (de) chemie 2 ('chemistry') ‑>> - (het) deel 2 ('part') - (de) fee ('fairy') - (de) G 2 3 4 - hé ('hey!' // surprise) ‑>> - jeetje 2 3 4 (mild curse or expression of surprise) 2 (a boys' name) - (het) leem 2 ('loam') - mee ('~with, ~along, ~along with) - nee! ('no!') oets') zoëven * 2 3 ('a moment ago') - (de) pekel 2 3 ('brine,' very salty water) - (de) queeste ('quest') - (de) ree 2 ('roe,' a deer type) - sedert 2 ('since' - after a certain point in time) - (de) teek ('tick' - a parasitic bug) - (het) vee 2 3 ('cattle') - (de) wee / (de) weeën ('contraction' - birth / 'contractions') - (het) xenon 2 3 ('xenon,' a gas) - (de) zee ('sea')
uh	- bederf 2 ('spoilage,'  "rot") - (het) cement ('mortar') - de 2 ('#1 the') ‑>> - eieren ('eggs') - ge ('Flemish 'you'') - vrij / vrije 2 / vrij/vrije 2 3 4 ('free') - je 2 ('you' - singular, informal) - (de) ketoembar ('coriander' - from Malay) - Holle Bolle Gijs 2 (fairy tale character) - (het) pedaal 2 ('pedal') - recent 2 ('recent,' not so long ago) - (de) seconde 2 ('second' - 1/60th minute) - te ('too' - excess // 'to' - with verb infinitives) - (de) gave 2 ('gift, donation' // 'gift, talent') - we ('we') - ze ('she' // 'they')

Combining E's
I have not been able to find examples of all possible E-combinations. Maybe those words don't exist
uh_E		- (de) doffe ellende ('hopeless misery') - zwakke enkels 2 ('weak ankles') - rede en gevoel 2 3 ('reason and feeling, 'heart and mind'') - Kun je er wat aan doen? 2 3 ('Can you do something about it?') - Heb je er spijt van? 2 3 ('Are you sorry about it? Do you regret it?') - Ik ben ingeënt 2 3 slow (I've been vaccinated')
EE‑EE		- (de) meeëter ('acne pimple') - helemaal mee eens 2 3 ("I completely agree, you're absolutely right")
EE-uh		- (de) onderzeeër ('submarine') - weeën ('contractions' - birth) - naweeën 2 3 ('contractions after a birth' - but usually figuratively: 'later effects of an event, aftermath') - zeeën en meren ('seas and lakes') - de zeven zeeën 2 ("the seven seas") - twee zeeën ('two seas') - ideeën 2 ('ideas') 'En' 2 by itself is with 'short E' but when it's in the middle of numbers it's usually pronounced with voiceless, unstressed E. - tweeëntwinig ('22') - tweeëndertig 2 ('32') - één tweeëndertigste ('1/32')
uh-EE		- geëerd 2 ('honored, respected') - de lelijke eend ('the ugly duckling') - 'n lelijke eend ('an ugly duckling') - de eerste bus 2 ('the first, earliest bus' - of the day) - de eerste keer 2 3 4 ('the first time') - de eerste vogels 2 3 4 ('the first birds') - ik ben het met je eens 2 ('I agree with you')
uh-uh		- heb je 'n auto? ('do you have a car?') - heb je 'n fiets? 2 ('do you have a bicycle?') - Wil je 'n kopje thee 2 ('Would you like a cup of tea?') - 't is me 'n raadsel ('it is a [riddle] mystery to me')

Many Examples 1: AE-ZE
AE	E EE	In names and words from Latin, AE is pronounced as 'long E' Caesar 2 - laesie 2 ('lesion' - medical jargon) - (het) caesium ('cesium' - a chemical element) praeses / quaestor ('president / treasurer' - university students clubs) In old-spelling Dutch words and names AE is said as 'long A' (de/het) aes 2 ('a jeweler's measurement - 1 aes = 0.048 grams - about 4 asen in a carat - the plural is not with AE) - Kersemaeker 2 - Bogaerts 2 3 4 - Van Rensselaer
BE	E	- bèè (sheep bleating) - (het) bed 2 ('bed') - plural: - bedden ('beds') ‑>> - (de) bef 2 ('jabot,' collar type) - (de) bek ('animal mouth') - (de) bel ('bell' - not church bell) - ik ben 2 ('I am') - bengelen 2 3 ('to dangle') - (de) berg ('mountain') - plural: - bergen 2 3 ('mountains') - (de) bes ('berry') - plural: - bessen 2 ('berries') - (de) betweter 2 3 ([know-better] - 'know-it-all')
	EE	- B - Bea (a girls' name) - (de) bedelaar 2 ('beggar') - ik beef 2 ('I'm shaking, trembling') - (de) B.H. 2 ('bra' - also written as 'beha') - (de) beek ('brook,' small stream) - plural: - beken ('brooks') - (het) beeld 2 ('image' // 'statue') - (de) Beemster 2 (an old polder) - (het) been 2 3 ('leg') - plural: - benen ('legs') - (de) beer 2 ('bear') - (het) beest ('beast') - (de) beet ('animal bite') - beter 2 ('better') - beven 2 ('to tremble, shake') - (de) bezem ('broom') - plural: - bezems 2 ('brooms')
	uh	- (de) beambte ('official') - beangstigend 2 ('frightening, scary') - beboeten ('to fine') - (de) bebouwing 2 ('building,' buildings constructed in an area) - bederf 2 ('spoilage,'  "rot") - beëindigen 2 ('put an end to') - begaafd ('gifted, talented') - behalve ('except') - bejaard 2 ('elderly,' ~over 65) - bekakt 2 ('posh') - bekeren 2 ('to convert' - religion) - (de) belofte 2 ('promise') - (de) bemiddelaar 2 ('mediator, intermediary') - benauwd 2 (difficulty breathing // 'afraid, hesitating') - bepaald 2 ('definite' // specific, particular) - (het) beroep 2 3 4 ('job, occupation') - (het) beslag 2 ('batter') - (de) beschuit 2 3 ('rusk, crispbake') - (het) beton 2 ('concrete') - (het) bevel ('order, command') - bewegen 2 3 ('to move' - bodies, things) - bezet 2 ('occupied')
CE	E	- (de) cel 2 ('cell') - (de) cent 2 ('cent, penny') - (de) cervelaatworst (a Dutch deli sausage, like a mild salami)
	EE	- (de) ceder ('cedar' - a tree)
	uh	- Ceciel / Cecilia (girls' names) - (het) cement ('mortar')
CHE	E	- Doetinchem (a town) French CH: - (de) chef 2 ('boss, manager, supervisor') - chef-kok 2 ('chef') - cheque ('check' - money transfer)
	EE	- (de) chemie 2 ('chemistry') ‑>> - chemisch / chemische 2 ('chemical')
	uh	- (de) kachel ('heater, stove') - Barchem 2 (a village) - Walcheren 2 (former island in the province of Zeeland 2 ['Sea-land'])
DE	E	- (het) dek 2 ('covering' // 'deck') - (de) delta 2 3 ('delta') - (de) den ('pine tree' // old-fashioned article 'the') - dennen 2 ('pine trees') - der ('of the' - old-fashioned) - (de) derde 2 3 ('third') - des ('D flat' - music // 'of the' - old-fashioned)
	EE	- december ('December') - ik deed 2 ('I did') - (het) deeg ('dough') - (de) deken ('blanket') - (het) deel 2 ('part') - (de) democratie ('democracy') - (de) Deen ('Dane, Danish person') - (de) deodorant ('deodorant') - (de) depressie 2 3 ('depression') - deerlijk 2 3 4 ('pitiful, sorely') - Desiree (a girls' name) - Deterding 2 3 (a family name) - deze ('this') ‑>>
	uh	- de 2 ('#1 the') ‑>> - de armen 2 3 ('the poor') - (het) debacle 2 ('debacle,' spectacular failure) - de bof 2 ('mumps' - a childhood disease) - De Compagnie van Verre 2 3 ('the Company of Faraway' - a 17th Century trading company) - De Dreijen (a university area in the city of Wageningen ) - De Eng 2 (an area in the city of Wageningen) - de auto's ('the cars') - de eerste keer 2 3 4 ('the first time') - De Filippijnen ('the Philippines') - De Geer 2 (a family name) - De Haan 2 3 4 (a family name) - de inkt is zwart 2 ('the ink is black') - de Illegaliteit 2 ('the Illegality' - the Dutch resistance movement against the WWII German occupation) - de IJssel (a river) - De Jager (a family name) - De Kaag 2 (an area near the city of Leiden ) - De Lek 2 (a river - part of the Rhine) - de man 2 3 ('the man, the male human') - de naaste 2 3 ('a fellow human,' the 'neigbor' of the Bible) - de onbekende soldaat 2 ('the unknown soldier') - de Oostzee 2 ([The Eastern Sea] - 'the Baltic Sea') - de Oudheid ('Antiquity') - de Peel 2 (an area in the South-East of The Netherlands) - de Randstad 2 (the urban area in the West of Holland, encompassing the big cities of Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht) - de Senaat 2 ("the Senate" - another name for the de Eerste Kamer - 'The First Chamber' of the Dutch parliament) - de tijd ('time, the time') ‑>> - de toekomst ('the future') - De Uitvreter ('The Scrounger' - novella by Nescio) - de Vasten 2 3 ('Lent' - the 40 days of fasting before Easter) - de Waal 2 (a river) - de zon ('the sun')
EIE	uh	- de Leie (a river in Belgium - aardbeien ('strawberries') - breien ('to knit') - heien 2 ('to drive piles into the ground' - for a building foundation on soft soil) - keien 2 ('rocks, boulders') - eieren ('eggs') - Meier/Meijer/Meyer (a family name) See and hear also IJE below for a similar sound
FE	E	- fel ('fierce, sharp, keen') - Femke (a girls' name) - Ferry (a boys' name)
	EE	- (de) fee ('fairy') - februari ('February') - Felix (a boys' name) - Feenstra 2 (a family name) - feodaal ('feudal') - (het) feest 2 ('party, festivity') - (de) profeet 2 ('prophet')
GE	E	- [(de)] gek ('crazy, insane' // 'crazy person') - gekke 2 / gek/gekke 2 ('crazy, insane') - (het) geld ('money') - (de) gember ('ginger') - (het) gen ('gene') - Ger (a boys' name)
	EE	- (de) G 2 3 4 - Gé (a boys' name) - geel 2 3 4 - gele 2 ('yellow') - geen ('no,' - not any, zero quantity') ‑>> - Geert (a boys' name) - (de) geest ('spirit, ghost') - Geesje (a girls' name) - (de) geeuw ('yawn') - genen ('genes') - (de) generaal 2 ('general') - (de) geoloog ('geologist') - geven 2 ('to give')
	uh	- ge ('Flemish 'you'') - geavanceerd 2 ('advanced') - (het) gebaar ('gesture') - (het) gebed 2 3 ('prayer') - gecompliceerd 2 3 / gecompliceerde 2 ('complicated') gedekt 2 3 ('covered') - (het) gedrag 2 3 ('behavior') - geëerd 2 ('honored, respected') - gefeliciteerd! 2 ('congratulations!') - (het) gegeven 2 ('given, fact, information') - gegevens 2 ('data') - gehaast 2 3 ('hurried') - gekneusd 2 3 ('bruised') - gekookt 2 ('boiled, cooked') - gelaten 2 ('resigned' // past participle of laten - 'to allow, let') ‑>> - (de) gemeenschap 2 ('community, society') - (de) genade 2 ('mercy') - geopend ('opened, open') - gepast geld 2 ([fitting money] 'exact change') - geregeld 2 3 ('regular, regularly' // past participle of regelen 2 'to arrange') - (het) gerucht 2 ('rumor') - geschokt 2 ('shocked') - geslaagd 2 ('passed an exam' // 'successfull, met expectations') - (het) getal 2 ('number') - (het) getij 2 3 ('tide') - geuit (ge-uit) 2 ('expressed, voiced') - (het) gevolg ('result, consequence') - (het) gewicht ('weight') - (het) gezag 2 3 ('authority')
HE	E	- hè ("isn't it?") ‑>> // '~bummer!' (disappointment) ‑>> - hèhè 2 can be said after finishing some tiring or boring work, but also when you're annoyed that someone says something that you think is stupid or obvious - hebben ('to have') ‑>> - heb jij? 2 ('do you have?') hechtingen 2 3 ('sutures, medical stitches') ‑>> - heftig 2 3 ('violent, vehement, fierce, emotional') - (de) heg ('hedge') ‑>> - (het) hek ('fence') - (de) heks ('witch') - (de) hel ('hell') - help! 2 ('help me!' - 'I need help' emergencies - hem ('him') ‑>> 2 - hen 2 ('them' ‑>> 2 // 'chicken') - (de) herfst ('Fall, Autumn') ‑>> 2 - (de) herrie ('noise') ‑>> - Hester (a girls' name) - het 2 // 'the' (#2) ‑>>> // 'it') ‑>> 2 - hexagonaal ('hexagonal, six-sided')
	EE	- hé ('hey!' // surprise) ‑>> - heden ('today, at present') ‑>> - heeft-ie ...? ('does he have ...?') - colloquial Dutch - (de) spreektaal 2 3 'spoken language') - hij heeft 2 ('he has') ‑>> - (de) hekel ('strong dislike') - heel ('very' ‑>> 2 // 'whole') ‑>> - hele ('whole') ‑>> - Heemstede (a town) - heen ('~to (direction)' ‑>> // 'gone') - (de) heer 2 3 ('gentleman' // king - cards) - plural: heren - hees ('hoarse, husky') - heet 2 3 /hete 2 3 / heet/hete 2 ('hot') - hevig 2 / hevige 2 ('intense, fierce, serious' [think of 'heavy' and 'hefty'])
IE is 'long i'
IE	E	- Ik zie er niks aan ([I see nothing on it] - 'I'm not noticing anything unusual about it') - drieëneenhalf 2 ('3 1/2')
	EE	- (de) Drieenheid 2 ('Trinity') - definiëren 2 ('to define') - reëel 2 / - reële 2 3 ('realistic' // 'real, actual') - first E's pronounced as EE, (Dutch IE) - 'n reële kans 2 3 ('a real chance, a good chance,' it could really happen) 'Creëren' is a somewhat pompous word for 'to create' (its first E is pronounced as EE, Dutch IE - though the related word - (de) creatie 2 slow ('creation') is with Dutch 'long E.' creëren to create ik creëer I'm creating ik creëerde I created ik heb gecreëerd I have created
	uh	- kopieën ('copies, xeroxes, not original items) - knieën 2 ('knees') - calorieën 2 ('calories') - drieëntwintig ('23') - drieëndertig ('33')
IJE	E	- (het) rijexamen 2 ('driving test')
	EE	- bijeen 2 3 ('together ~gathered') - bijeenkomen 2 ('to meet, congregate') - (de) bijeenkomst 2 ('meeting, assembly')
	uh	- bijen 2 ('bees') - nabije 2 ('near' - in time) - dijen 2 ('thighs') - jijen en jouwen 2 3 (being on a first-name basis, addressing each other as jij and jou) - blij / blije / blij/blije ('happy, glad') - Nijenrode 2 (a business school) - vrij / vrije 2 / vrij/vrije 2 3 4 ('free') - specerijen 2 ('spices') ‑>> - De Dreijen (EIJ pronounced as EI) (a university area in the city of Wageningen ) - partijen ('political parties' // '~batches')
JE	E	- Jelle (a boys' name) - Jesse Klaver 2 (a 'politician') - Jet (a girls' name)
	EE	- de Jeker (a small stream in the city of Maastricht 2 - jeetje 2 3 4 (mild curse or expression of surprise) - Jezus ('Jesus')
	uh	- je 2 ('you' - singular, informal) - je bent 2 ('you are') - je gaat weg 2 ('you're leaving') - je hebt 2 ('you have') - je komt er langs 2 ('you pass by it, it's on your way') - je legt 2 3 4 ('you're laying down') - je licht 2 3 ('your light ') - je ligt 2 3 4 ('you're lying down') - je moet wat drinken 2 3 ('you need to drink something') - (de) jenever 2 (a Dutch liquor') - je ouwelui 2 ('your [old folks] parents' - slang, jocular) - je proeft 't niet 2 3 ('you don't taste, notice it') - Jeroen (a boys' name) - je wilt 2 ('you want to') - jezelf ('yourself')
KE	E	- (de) kelder 2 ('cellar') - ken 2 3 ('know' - simple present tense singular or imperative) ‑>> - (het) keppeltje 2 ('skullcap, yarmulke') - (de) kers 2 3 ('cherry') - ketters ('heretics') - (de) ketting 2 3 ('chain' // 'necklace')
	EE	- (de) kegel 2 3 ('cone') - keek ('looked' - singular simple past tense) - (de) keel ('throat') - Kenau ('a girls' name' - historical) - (de) keer ('time' - repeating event) ‑>> - Kees 2 (a boys' name) - (de) keet 2 ('shed' at building site) - plural: - keten 2 3 ('shackle' // 'sheds') - (de) kever 2 ('beetle')
	uh	- (de) ketoembar ('coriander' - from Malay)
LE	E	- (het) lef 2 ('courage,' "guts" - slang) - leggen ('to lay down') ‑>> - de Lek 2 (a part of the River Rhine) - lekker 2 3 4 / lekker/lekkere 2 ('enjoyable, nice, delicious' or simply 'good' or 'well') - Lemmer (a town) - (de) lens 2 ('lens') - (de) lente ('Spring') - (de) les ('lesson') - lessen 2 ('lessons' // 'to slake' - thirst) - (de) Let 2 ('a Latvian')
	EE	- (het) leed ('suffering') - leeg / lege 2 ('empty') - (de) leegte 2 3 4 5 6 ('emptiness') - (de) leek ('layman') - (de) lelie 2 ('lily') - lelijk 2 / lelijke 2 3 ('ugly') - (het) leem 2 ('loam') - Leen (a boys' name) - lenen 2 ('to borrow' // 'to lend') ‑>> - lepel ('spoon') - leer 2 ('leather' // 'doctrine') - (de) leest ('last,' shoemaker's tool) - (de) lever ('liver') - leven 2 ('to live, be alive') - lezen 2 3 ('to read') ‑>>
	uh	- aller- 2 ('of all') ‑>> - alles 2 ('everything') ‑>> - (de) elleboog 2 ('elbow') - (het) gilletje 2 3 ('little shriek') - Holle Bolle Gijs 2 (fairy tale character)
ME	E	- Mechelen (a town in Belgium) - (de) melding 2 3 ('notification') - men ("they," 'people') ‑>> - (de) mens 2 ('man, human being') - (de) mep ('slap, blow') - (het) merg ('marrow') - merken 2 3 ('to notice') - (het) mes 2 3 ('knife') - plural: - messen 2 3 ('knives') - met ('with') ‑>>
	EE	- mee = mede- 2 ('~with, ~along, ~along with) ‑>> - mechanisch 2 ('mechanical, - (het) meel 2 ('flour') - meemaken 2 - to experience,'to see' 'happen to you') ‑>> - menen 2 ('to be serious' // 'to take as a fact') ‑>> - [(het)] meer 2 ('more' // 'lake') - mees 2 ('tit' - a bird - also: a boys' name) - meet 2 3 ('~measure' - single simple present of meten ('to measure') ‑>> - (het) metaal ('metal') - meevallen 2 is ('turning out not to be as bad as expected') - meewerken 2 ('to co-operate')
	uh	- me 2 ('me') - mekaar ('each other' - slang - proper Dutch is - elkaar ('each other') - melaatsen 2 ('lepers,' people with leprosy, Hansen's disease) - [(de)] meneer ("Sir" // 'Mr.') - [(de)] mevrouw 2 3 ("Ma'am" // 'Mrs.') - mezelf ('myself') ‑>>
NE	E	- (de) nectar ('nectar' - the drink of the gods) - (de) nek ('neck') - Nel (a girls' name) - nep- 2 3 ('fake') - nergens 2 ('nowhere' // ('nothing')) ‑>> - nerveus 2 ('nervous') - (het) nest ('nest') - net (many meanings) ‑>>
	EE	- neder- 2 3 ('down' // 'low' - think 'nether') ‑>> - Nederland ('Holland, The Netherlands') ‑>> - nee ('no!') - (de) neef ('nephew' // 'cousin' - male) - negen ('9') - negende 2 3 ('ninth') - Neeltje (a girls' name) - neem ('take' - present simple tense singular of nemen ‑>> 'to take') - (het) neon ('neon') - (de) neet ('nit, louse egg') - neer ('~down') ‑>> - (het) neveneffect 2 ('side effect') - genezen 2 3 ('to cure,'  "heal")
OË	EE	- poëten 2 ('poets') - more commonly: - dichters 2 ('poets') - zoeven - formerly zoëven 2 3 ('a moment ago')
	uh	- zo'n ("zo een" 2 ('such a') ‑>>
OE		The diphthong OE is another story
OE	E
	EE
	uh	- Doe 'n beetje normaal! 2 ('Act normally! Behave!')
OUE	E	- nou en? 2 ('so what?' [now and?])
PE	E	- (de) pech 2 3 ('bad luck' // 'car trouble') - (de/het) pek 2 3 ('pitch') - pellen 2 ('to peal') - (de) pels 2 ('fur') - (de) pen 2 ('pen' - for writing) - per ('for each') ‑>> - de Pest 2 ('the Plague' - the ca. 1350 epidemic) - (de) pet 2 3 ('cap, baseball cap')
	EE	- (de) pekel 2 3 ('brine,' very salty water) - (de) peen ('carrot' - jocular) - (de) peper ('pepper') - (de) peer 2 3 ('pear') - (de) pees 2 ('tendon') - (de) peet ('Godfather' or 'Godmother') - Peter (a boys' name) - pezen ('tendons')
	uh	- (het) pedaal 2 ('pedal') - Pepijn 2 (a boys' name)
QUE	EE	- (de) queeste ('quest')
RE	E	- [(het)] recht 2 ('straight' // 'right, being entitled to') - redden 2 ('to save, preserve') - (het) rek ('rack') - (het) rekje 2 ('small rack') - (de) rel ('row, riot, scandal') - (de) rem 2 3 ('brake') - (het) reptiel 2 ('reptile') - (de) rest 2 ('remainder') - Rex (a boys' name)
	EE	- (de) ree 2 ('roe,' a deer type) - (de) reactie ('reaction') - reageren 2 3 ('to react') - realistisch ('realistic') - (de) rebus 2 (type of word puzzle) - recessief 2 3 ('recessive') - (de) rede 2 3 ('reason, rationality' // 'speech, address, presentation' // ships anchoring ('parking') area outside harbor) - (de) reden 2 ('reason, cause, motivation') ‑>> - (het) referendum 2 3 ('referendum') - (de) regel 2 3 4 ('rule' // 'line' of text) - rekenen ('to do calculations') - (de) preek 2 ('sermon') - (de) preekstoel ('pulpit') - religieus ('religious') - repareren 2 3 ('to repair') - (de) republiek ('republic') - (het) resultaat 2 3 ('result') - (de) reünie ('reunion') - (de) revolutie 2 ('revolution')
	uh	- (de) rebel 2 3 ('rebel') - recent 2 ('recent,' not so long ago) - (de) reclame 2 ('advertizing') - (de) reflex 2 ('reflex') - (de) regering ('government') ‑>> - (de) rekruut ('recruit') - (de) relatie 2 ('relation, connection' // 'relationship') - (de) religie 2 ('religion') - (de) remedie 2 ('remedy') - René (a boys' name) - [(de)] reserve 2 3 ('spare') - (de) revolver 2 ('revolver')
SE	E	- (de) sectie ('autopsy' // 'section, department') - (de) selderie ('celery' - leaves) - Selma 2 3 (a girls' name) - sentimenteel 2 3 ('sentimental') - september ('September') - (de) sergeant ('sergeant') - (het) setje 2 3 ('set, small set')
	EE	- sedert 2 ('since' - after a certain point in time) - serieus / serieuze 2 ('serious')
	uh	- Sebastopol 2 (a city in the Crimea) - (de) seconde 2 ('second' - 1/60th minute) - -sel 2 (a suffix) - (de) selectie 2 ('selection, choice') - seniel 2 ('senile')
TE	E	- (de) technicus 2 3 / technici 2 3 ('engineer/engineers') - (de) teckel 2 ('dachshund' - a dog) - (de) tel ('~count') - tellen 2 ('to count') - telkens 2 ("every time") - ten ('at' - old-fashioned) - tent ('tent') - ter ('at' - old-fashioned) - Tessa (a girls' name) - (de) test 2 3 4 ('test')
	EE	- teder ('tender, gentle') - (de) tegel ('tile') - plural: - tegels 2 ('tiles') - tegen ('against') ‑>> - (de) teek ('tick' - a parasitic bug) - (het) teken 2 3 ('sign') (I pronounce words like (de) telefoon 2 ('telephone') and (de) televisie ('television') with 'short i' ) - (de) teen ('toe') - plural: - tenen ('toes') - ([de/het]) teer ('fragile' // 'tender' // 'tar') - (de) tetanus 2 ('tetanus') - tevens 2 ('also, next to that)
	uh	- te ('too' - excess ‑>> // 'to' - with verb infinitives) ‑>> - tegelijk 2 ('at the same time') - (het) tehuis 2 ('home' - for people needing extra or special care) - (de) temperatuur 2 ('temperature') - (de) tenor ('tenor' - singer) - terecht ('justified' // 'found, located') ‑>> - te veel 2 3 ('too much, too many') - te weten ... 2 ('to wit ...' - further specifying)
UE	E	- (het) duel 2 ('duel') - (het) duet ('duet') - (het) minuet ('minuet' - a dance') - (de/het) suède 2 ('suede' - a kind of leather)
	EE	- actueel ('topical, current') - eventueel 2 ('possibly, in case ...) - (het) ritueel ('ritual // a ritual') - (het) fluweel ('velvet') - UUE sounds the same with or without W
UIE	uh	- buien ('rainshowers') - (de) uier ('udder' - cow) - (de) luier ('diaper, nappy') - (de) sluier ('a veil') - (de) grauwsluier ('a gray veil' - phrase from a detergent commercial)
VE	E	- vechten 2 ('to fight, struggle') ‑>> - Veghel (a town) - (het) vel ('skin') - (het) ven ('mere,' small lake) - (de) vent ('guy' - slightly negative) - ver 2 3 / verre 2 3 ('far, distant') - (het) vest 2 ('cardigan, wool or fleece jacket') - vet / vet/vette 2 ('fatty, greasy') - (het) vet ('fat') - vetten ('fats')
	EE	- (het) vee 2 3 ('cattle') - vegeteren 2 3 ('to vegetate') - veel 2 3 ('much, many') ‑>> - (het) veen ('peat land') - (de/het) veer ('feather' // 'ferry' // 'spring' - tensile) - (de) veter 2 ('shoestring, shoelace') - plural: - veters 2 ('shoelaces') - (de) veeteelt 2 3 ('animal husbandry,' cattle raising) - (het) veevoer ('fodder,' animal food) - vezels ('fibers, fiber')
	uh	- (de) have 2 ('~possessions' - old-fashioned - (de) gave 2 ('gift, donation' // 'gift, talent') - (de) navel 2 ('navel, bellybutton') - (de) haven ('harbour') - (de) haver 2 ('oats')
WE	E	- (het) spinneweb ('spiderweb') - (de) wedde ('a soldier's wages') - wedden 2 ('to bet') - [(de)] weg ('way, road' // 'away') ‑>> - wekken 2 ('to wake someone up') - (de) wekker ('alarm clock') - wel (affirmative amplifier) ‑>> - wennen ('to get used to') ‑>> - (het) werk ('work') - wervels ('vertebrae' - backbone disks) - (de) wesp 2 ('wasp') - west ('West') - (de) wet ('law')
	EE	- (de) wee - (de) weeën ('contraction' - birth // 'contractions') - (het) weefgetouw 2 ('loom' - weaving) - wegen 2 ('ways, roads' // 'to weigh') - (de) week 2 ('week') - (de) weelde 2 ('luxury') - [(het)] weer 2 ('again' ‑>> // 'weather') ‑>> - [(de)] wees 2 ('orphan' // imperative of zijn  'to be') ‑>> - weet jij ...? 2 ('Do you know ...?' - something) - [(het)] wezen 2 ('orphans' // 'essence')
	uh	- we ('we') ‑>>) - bouwen ('to build') - (de) sjouwer ('a worker carrying building material')
XE	EE	- (de) xenofobie ('irrational fear of strangers') - (het) xenon 2 3 ('xenon,' a gas)
ZE	E	- Zef (a boys' name) - zeggen 2 3 ('to say') ‑>> - "Zeg dat wel!" 2 3 ("You can surely say that!") ‑>> - zelden ('seldom') - zelf 2 ('self') - zenden 2 ('to send') - (de) zet ('move' - in a game or competititon) - zes ('6')
	EE	- (de) zee ('sea') - (de) zebra ('zebra') - (de) zeef ('strainer, sieve') - (de) zege ('victory') - (de) zeehond ([sea-dog] - 'seal') - zeker 2 / zekere 2 3 ('certain, certainly, sure') ‑>> - Zeeland (a province of the Netherlands) - (de) zeem ('chamois' - for wiping wet windows) - zeentjes ('tendons, sinews') - (de) zeep ('soap') - [(het)] zeer 2 ('very' // 'hurt, pain' - both old-fashioned - (de) zeester 2 3 4 ('starfish') - zeven ('7') - (het) zeewater 2 ('seawater') - (het) zeewier 2 3 ('seaweed') - Zeewolde (a town)
	uh	- ze ('she' // 'they') ‑>> - ze hebben ruzie 2 3 ('they - former friends - have fallen out, they are no longer on good terms') ‑>> - ze lacht 2 3 ('she's laughing') - ze waren jaloers 2 3 ('they were jealous') - ze weten 't niet 2 ('they don't know') - ze zwemt snel ('she swims fast, she's a fast swimmer')

Many Examples 2: EA-EZ
EE	EA	- Bea (a girls' name) - (de) alinea 2 ('paragraph') - (de) reactie ('reaction') - reageren 2 3 ('to react') - realistisch ('realistic') - creatie slow ('creation, design, something made')
uh		- (de) beambte ('official') - beangstigend 2 ('frightening, scary')
E	EB	- ik heb ('I have') - hebben ('to have') ‑>> - (de) hebzucht ('greed,' an obsession with acquiring and owning stuff') - (het) hebbeding ('a must-have item' - slang)
EE		- twee ballen ('2 balls') - februari ('February') - (de) zebra ('zebra') - Zeebrugge (a town in Belgium) - (de) rebus 2 (type of word puzzle)
uh		- beboeten ('to fine') - (de) bebouwing 2 ('building,' buildings constructed in an area) - (het) lachebekje 2 ('a young person, usually a girl, with a quick laugh') - (het) debacle 2 ('debacle,' spectacular failure) - (het) gebaar ('gesture') - je bent 2 ('you are' - singular informal) - lekke band 2 ([leaking] 'flat tire') - (de) zonnebloem 2 ('sunflower') - Sebastopol 2 (a city in the Crimea) - "foute boel" 2 ('there is something (very) wrong here') - 'n brave borst 2 3 4 5 ('a harmless, obedient person') - blauwe boon 2 3 ([blue bean] - 'bullet' - in crime fiction) - deze boom 2 3 ('this tree')
E	EC	- Y, i-Grèc 2 3 ('Y, Greek i') - (de) teckel 2 ('dachshund' - a dog) - (de) nectar ('nectar' - the drink of the gods) - (de) rector 2 ('prinicpal' - secondary school) - (het) dialect 2 ('dialect') - perfect 2 ('perfect') - direct 2 ('directly, straight')
EE		- december ('December') - (de) decibel ('decibel') - (de) economie 2 3 ('economy,' the wealth and resources of a country or region) - (de) econoom 2 3 4 5 ('economist')
uh		- gecompliceerd 2 3 4 / gecompliceerde 2 ('complicated') - (het) molecuul ('molecule') - (het) recept 2 ('recipe' // 'doctor's medication prescription') - precies 2 ('precisely, exact') - (de) seconde 2 ('second' - 1/60th minute)
E	ECH	- (de) echo 2 3 ('echo') - echt 2 3 / echte 2 / echt/echte 2 ('real') - echter 2 3 ('however, nevertheless, but, yet') ‑>> - slecht / slechte 2 / slecht/slechte 2 ('bad') ‑>> - Mechelen (a city in Belgium) - (de) knecht 2 ('servant' - old-fashioned) - (de) pech 2 ('bad luck') ‑>> - (de) pechvogel 2 ([bad-luck bird] 'a person who has much bad luck') - recht 2 ('straight') - rechts ('right' - not left) - (de) technicus 2 3 ('technician, engineer') - technici 2 3 ('technicians, engineers') - (het) gevecht 2 3 ('fight') - vechten 2 ('to fight') ‑>> French CH: - (de) crèche ('children's daycare center')
uh		- Annechien 2 / Lammechien 2 3 (girls' names)
E	ED	- (het) bed 2 ('bed') - plural: - bedden ('beds') ‑>> - (de) wedde ('a soldier's wages') - wedden 2 ('to bet')
EE		- (de) eed 2 3 ('oath') - Edam 2 (a town) - Ede 2 (a town) - (de) bedelaar 2 ('beggar') - ik deed 2 ('I did') - heden ('today, at present') ‑>> - (het) leed ('suffering') - mede- 2 ('~with, ~along, ~along with) ‑>> - (het) medium 2 ('medium' - conduit to the dead) - (het) Nederlands 2 ('Dutch,' the Dutch language) - breed / brede 2 / - breed/brede 2 ('wide') - teder ('tender, gentle') - steeds 2 ('continually," all the time, every time') - (de) Zweed 2 ('a Swedish male') - (de) weduwe 2 ('widow')
uh		- bedankt! ('thanks!') - (het) bedrag 2 3 4 ('amount' - of money) - bederf 2 ('spoilage,'  "rot") - (het) pedaal 2 ('pedal')
uh	EEUW	- de zeventiende eeuw 2 ('the 17th Century')
E	EF	- (het) effect 2 3 ('effect, result') - effen 2 ('in a moment' - slang / 'solid' - color) - effe 2 ('in a moment' - slang "ff") - efficiënt ('efficient') - efficiënter 2 ('more efficient') - de Efteling 2 (an amusement park) - (de) hefboom ('lever') ‑>> - (de) ophef ('commotion') - de) opheffing ('closing down, discontinuing') - heftig 2 3 / heftige 2 3 ('violent, vehement, fierce, emotional') - (het) lef 2 ('courage' - colloquial) - treffen ('to hit, strike' // 'to meet, find') - Stef (a boys' name) French CH: - (de) chef 2 ('boss, manager, supervisor') - chef-kok 2 ('chef')
EE		- Eefje (a girls' name) - beef 2 ('tremble, shake' - simple present tense singular) - ik beef 2 ('I'm shaking, trembling') - beefde 2 ('trembled, shaked' - simple past tense singular) - from the verb - beven 2 ('to tremble, shake') - geef 't aan 2 3 ('give it to ...//' 'mark it') ‑>> - 't geeft niet 2 3 4 ('it doesn't matter, never mind') - hij heeft 2 ('he has') - heeft-ie 2 ('does he have ..? - colloquial) - U heeft 2 3 ('you have' - polite 'you') - (de) leeftijd 2 3 ('age') ‑>> - Kleef (a city in Germany) - beleefd 2 ('polite') - (de) neef ('cousin' - male // 'nephew') - (het) neefje ('nephew' // 'cousin' - male) - (de) kreeft 2 ('lobster, crayfish') - ik schreef ('I wrote') - (de) wreef 2 3 ('instep, arch' - foot) - scheef ('skewed') - scheef houden 2 ('to hold at an angle, to tilt') - (het) weefgetouw 2 ('loom') - (de) zweefmolen 2 ('whirligig') - (de) zeef ('strainer, sieve') - (het) theezeefje 2 ('tea strainer')
uh		- gefascineerd ('fascinated' - past participle) - gefeliciteerd 2 ('congratulations!' // 'congratulated' - past participle) - gefrituurd 2 ('deep-fried' - past participle) - (de) reflex 2 ('reflex') - (het) refrein ('chorus' - song) - Jozef (a boys' name) - Jozefien (a girls' name)
E	EG	- (de) eg ('harrow' - agriculture tool) - (de) heg ('hedge') - weggaan ('to leave') - (het) beleg ('siege' // 'bread covering, sandwich fillling') - beleggen 2 ('to invest' - money) - leggen ('to lay' - down) ‑>> - (het) overleg 2 ('consultation, meeting') - (de) overweg 2 3 ('railroad crossing') - (de) dievegge 2 ('thief' - female) - (de) weg ('way, road') - (het) weggetje 2 ('small road') - zeggen 2 3 ('to say') ‑>> - (de) oomzegger ([uncle-sayer] - 'niece' or 'nephew') - (het) zegje 2 ("say," - 'forceful' opinion statement) - (de) belegging 2 ('investment') - weggooien 2 3 ('to throw away') - Egbert (a boys' name) - Egberts (a family name) - Egmond 2 (a town // Dutch revolutionary, executed by the Spanish)
EE		- (het) deeg ('dough') - leeg / lege 2 / leeg/lege ('empty') - [(het)] negatief 2 3 ('negative') - (de) egel ('hedgehog') - (de) kegel 2 3 ('cone' // 'bowling pin' // 'alcohol breath') - (de) regel 2 3 4 ('rule' // 'line' - of text) - (de) tegel ('tile') - gedegen 2 ('thorough') - belegen 2 ('mature' - cheese) - raadplegen ('to consult, ask an expert') - negen ('9') - (de) negende 2 3 ('ninth') - (de) regen 2 ('rain') ‑>> - tegen ('against' ‑>> // ~to ) ‑>> 2 - wegen 2 ('roads' // 'to weigh') - wegens 2 ('because of') - (de) zegen 2 ('blessing') - (de) afweging ('consideraation') - regisseren 2 3 ('to direct' - a play, TV series or a movie) - (de) strategie 2 ('strategy') - (het) steegje 2 ('narrow city street) - (de) leegte 2 3 4 5 6 7 ('emptiness' - usually figuratively) - (het) leger ('army') - (de) veger ('broom') - (het) ego 2 3 ('ego') - Lego 2 3 ('Lego' - the construction toys) - Regina (a girls' name) - Nijmegen ('a city') - Noorwegen ('Norway')
uh		- elegant 2 ('graceful') - begaafd ('gifted, very talented - (de) legende 2 ('legend') - (de) begeerte 2 ('desire') - begeleiden 2 ('to accompany') ‑>> - (het) begin ('start, beginning') ‑>> - (de) bruidegom ('groom') - wij begonnen 2 ('we started') - gegorgeld 2 ('gargled') - weggegooid geld 2 ('money thrown away, wasted') - begraven ('to bury') - goeie gunst! 2 ('good grief!') - De Geus 2 3 (a family name) - De Goede (a family name) - De Gouw 2 (a family name) - De Graaf(f) 2 3 (a family name) - De Groot 2 (a family name) - De Gruyter (a family name) - Elegast (character from a Charlemagne story) - Cannegieter 2 3 4 (a family name) - Izegem (a town in Belgium)
EH	EH	- hèhè 2 can be said after finishing some tiring or boring work, but also when you're annoyed that someone says something that you think is stupid or obvious
EE		- (de) B.H. 2 ('bra' - the word is sometimes written as 'beha'  but 'beeha'  would be better phonetically for the Dutch because the E in the prefix BE-  is always pronounced as 'voiceless, unstressed E' (the 'schwa') - tussen twee haakjes 2 ('between [two] parentheses') - tenzij je 'n beter idee hebt 2 3 ('unless you have a better idea') - twee halve waarheden ('two half-truths)
uh		- behalve ('except') - gehakt ('ground meat') - gehaast 2 3 ('hurried') - geheel ('entirely, completely') - [(het)] geheim 2 ('secret') - geheugen 2 3 ('memory' - the brain function) - ik heb geholpen 2 ('I have helped, assisted') - ik ben geholpen 2 ('I was helped, I have been helped, I was attended to') ‑>> - ik had gehoopt ... ('I had hoped, I was hoping ...') - gehoor ('the sense of hearing' // 'audience') - gehoorzaam 2 3 ('obedient') - gehucht 2 ('hamlet') - gehuwd 2 ('married') - (de) Duitse Herder 2 ('German Shepherd' - a dog breed) - de Heer 2 3 ('the Lord' - God) - Ze hielp hem ontsnappen 2 3 ('She helped him escape') - (de) behoefte ('need for, want of') - om de hoek 2 3 ('around the corner') - behouden 2 3 ('to keep, hold on to, retain, conserve') - (het) tehuis 2 ('a home' for people needing extra or special care)
uh	EI	- beëindigen 2 ('put an end to') - korte ei 2 ('short ei:' EI) eendeëi 2 ("ducks' egg") a silly ca. 2000 spelling reform says it's now to be spelled 'eendenei.' I don't think this new N is pronounced much. ‑>>
E EE	EI	The diphthong 'ei' (='ij') by itself is really another story
uh	EIJ	- lange ij 2 ('long ij:' IJ)
EE	EJ	- hé jij daar! 2 3 ('hey you!' - not polite) - twee jaar geleden 2 ('2 years ago')
uh		- bejaard 2 / bejaarde 2 ('elderly,' ~over 65) - (de) ware Jacob 2 ("Mr Right")
E	EK	- (de) ekster 2 ('magpie') - a bird ‑>> - (de) bek ('animal mouth') - (het) dek 2 ('covering' // 'deck') - [(de)] gek ('crazy, insane' // 'crazy person') - gekke 2 / gek/gekke 2 ('crazy, insane') - (het) hek ('fence') - (de) heks ('witch') - lekker 2 3 4 / lekker/lekkere 2 ('enjoyable, nice, delicious' or simply 'good' or 'well') - (de) nek ('neck') - (de/het) pek 2 3 ('pitch') - (het) rek ('rack') - wekken 2 ('to wake someone up') - (de) wekker ('alarm clock')
EE		- (de) eekhoorn 2 ('squirrel') - (de) beek ('brook,' small stream) - plural: - beken ('brooks') - (de) deken ('blanket') - (de) hekel ('strong dislike') - (de) leek ('layman') - keek ('looked' - singular simple past tense) - spreken ('to speak') ‑>> - (de) pekel 2 3 ('brine,' very salty water) - rekenen ('to do calculations') - (de) teek ('tick' - a parasitic bug) - (het) teken 2 3 ('sign') ‑>> - (de) week 2 ('week') - zeker 2 / zekere 2 3 ('certain, certainly, sure') ‑>>
uh		- bekakt 2 ('posh') - bekeren 2 ('to convert' - religion) - gekneusd 2 3 ('bruised') - gekookt 2 ('boiled, cooked') - je komt er langs 2 ('you pass by it, it's on your way') - mekaar ('each other' - slang - proper Dutch is - elkaar ('each other') - (de) rekruut ('recruit') - (het) tekort 2 ('shortage, lack')
E	EL	- (de) el ('old length measurement, 69cm') - Ellen (a girls' name) - elleboog 2 ('elbow') - (de) ellende ('misery') - ellenlang ('terribly long' - length) - (de) bel ('bell' - not church) - (de) tabel 2 ('table' - lists in columns) - (de) cel 2 ('cell') - Celsius ‑>> - Delft 2 (a town) - (de) delta 2 3 ('delta') - fel ('fierce, energetic') - (de/het) gel ('gel' - French G) - (het) geld ('money') - [(de)] hel ('hell' // 'very bright' - light) - (de) helm ('helmet') - help! 2 ('help me!') - (de) kelder 2 ('cellar') - melk 2 ('milk') ‑>> - (de) melding 2 3 ('report, reporting') - Nel (a girls' name) - (het) knelpunt 2 3 ('bottleneck, chokepoint') - (de) pels 2 ('fur') - (het) spel ('game') - speld ('pin') - (de) rel ('row, disturbance') - (de/het) aquarel 2 3 ('watercolor painting' - (de) forel ('trout') - Selma 2 3 (a girls' name) - (het) hotel ('hotel') - vertel! ('do tell!') - tellen 2 ('to count') - (het) velletje 2 ('skin' - thin, like on milk or around sausage) - (het) vel ('skin') - vervellen 2 ('to shed skin') - (het) veld ('field') - wel (positive amplifier) ‑>> - (het) geweld 2 ('violence') - welk 2 / welke 2 ('which') ‑>> - zelf ('self') - (de) gezel ('companion, assistant')
EE		- Eelde 2 3 (a town) - (het) eelt 2 3 4 ('callous, callusses' - hardened skin) - (het) beeld 2 ('statue' // 'image') - (het) deel 2 ('part') - [(het)] geel 2 3 ('yellow') - heel 2 ('very' ‑>> // 'whole' // 'heal') - (de) keel ('throat') - (het) meel 2 ('flour') - Neeltje (a girls' name) - (de/het) kaneel ('cinnamon') ‑>> - de Peel 2 (an area in the South of The Netherlands) - (de) minstreel 2 3 4 ('troubadour') ‑>> - (de) penseel 2 ('small paintbrush') - (het) kasteel 2 3 ('castle') - (de) veeteelt 2 3 ('animal husbandry' - raising cattle) - veel 2 3 ('much/many') ‑>> - (de) weelde 2 ('luxury') - Scherpenzeel (a town)
uh		- (de) heibel ('trouble, fuss, strife' - slang) - dubbel ('double') - (de) kachel ('heater') - (het) zadel 2 ('seat' - on bike or horse) - (de) tafel 2 3 4 ('table' - to sit at) - (de) egel ('hedgehog') - (de) engel ('angel') - [(de)] enkel ('ankle' // 'only, single' ‑>> - (de) hemel ('heaven' // 'sky') - Remmelt (a boys' name) - (de) tunnel 2 3 4 ('tunnel') - (de) drempel ('threshold') - (de) lepel ('spoon') - (de) deksel ('lid') - (de) gesel ('whip, scourge') - (het) mengsel ('mixture') - (de) zetel ('big chair' - old-fashioned // 'seat' - in parliament) - wervels ('disks' - backbone) - (de) gevel 2 ('gable' - house front top) - (het) gewauwel 2 3 ('annoying, boring talk') - (de) ezel 2 ('donkey') - (de) ijzel 2 ('rain that freezes when it hits the ground')
E	EM	- Emma (a girls' name) - emmers 2 3 ('buckets') - Doetinchem (a town) - Femke (a girls' name) - (de) gember ('ginger') - hem ('him') - Lemmer (a town) - klemmetjes 2 ('small clamps') - (de) klemtoon 2 ('stress' - in a word) - (de) rem 2 3 ('brake') - (het) tempo ('tempo')
EE		- Eemnes 2 (a town) - emotioneel 2 ('emotional') - (de) Beemster 2 (an old polder) - (de) chemie 2 ('chemistry') ‑>> - (de) democratie ('democracy') - Heemstede (a town) - (het) leem 2 ('loam') - meemaken 2 - to experience,'to see' 'happen to you') ‑>> - neem ('take' - present simple tense singular of nemen ‑>> 'to take') - (de) zeem ('chamois' - for wiping wet windows)
uh		- (de) bemiddelaar 2 ('mediator, intermediary') - (het) cement ('mortar') - Barchem 2 (a village) - (de) adem ('breath') - de mens 2 3 ("Man, Humankind") - gemeen 2 ('mean, unfair') - (de) remedie 2 ('remedy') - (de) bloesem ('blossom, bloom') - (de) bezem ('broom') - plural: - bezems 2
E	EN	- en 2 ('and') ‑>> - ik ben 2 ('I am') - (de) cent 2 ('cent, penny') - (de) den ('pine tree' // old-fashioned article 'the') - dennen 2 ('pine trees') - (het) gen ('gene') - hen 2 ('them' ‑>> 2 // 'chicken') - ken 2 3 ('know' - simple present tense singular or imperative) ‑>> - (de) lens 2 ('lens') - (de) lente ('Spring') - men ("they," 'people') ‑>> - (de) mens 2 ('man, human being') - (de) pen 2 ('pen' - for writing) - sentimenteel 2 3 ('sentimental') - ten ('at' - old-fashioned) - tent ('tent') - eng ('frightening, scary') - De Eng 2 (an area in the city of Wageningen) - [(het)] Engels / Engelse 2 3 ('English') - bengelen 2 3 ('to dangle') - hechtingen 2 3 ('sutures, medical stitches') ‑>>
EE		- één 2 3 ('one') been - (de) Deen ('Dane, Danish person') - Feenstra 2 (a family name) - geen ('no,' - not any, zero quantity') ‑>> - heen ('~to (direction)' ‑>> // 'gone') - Kenau ('a girls' name' - historical) - Leen (a boys' name) - lenen 2 ('to borrow' // 'to lend') ‑>> - (de) mening ('opinion, view') - plural: - meningen 2 ('opinions, views) - (de) peen ('carrot' - large or jocular) - (de) teen ('toe') - plural: - tenen ('toes') - zeentjes ('tendons, sinews')
uh		- benauwd 2 (difficulty breathing // 'afraid, hesitating') - heden ('today, at present') ‑>> - de naaste 2 3 ('a fellow human,' the 'neigbor' of the Bible) - weeën ('contractions' - birth) - effen 2 3 4 ('solid' - color) - (de) genade 2 ('mercy') - (de) jenever 2 (a? the Dutch liquor') ‑>> - beken ('brooks') - pellen 2 ('to peal') - de armen 2 3 ('the poor' // 'the arms') - benen ('legs') - menen 2 ('to be serious' // 'to take as a fact') ‑>> - nou en? 2 ('so what?' [now and?]) - open ('open') ‑>> - heren ('gentlemen') - de Senaat 2 ("the Senate" - another name for the de Eerste Kamer - 'The First Chamber' of the Dutch parliament) ‑>> - wassen 2 ('to wash') - bessen 2 ('berries') - (de) tenor ('tenor' - singer) - [(de)] keten 2 3 ('shackle' // 'chain' // 'sheds') - ketenen 2 ('chains') - meten ('to measure') ‑>> - (de) haven ('harbor') - even 2 3 ('a moment' // '~just as' // 'even' - numbers) ‑>> - trouwen 2 3 ('to marry') - lezen 2 3 ('to read') ‑>> - pezen ('tendons')
EE	EO	- (de/het) stereo ('stereo' // ' sound system') - feodaal ('feudal') - (de) deodorant ('deodorant') - (de) geoloog ('geologist') - (de) geograaf ('geographer') - Leo 2 (a boys' name) - (het) neon ('neon') - (de) aureool ('halo, aureole') - Theo (a boys' name) - (de) theorie 2 ('theory') - (de) meteoor 2 ('meteor')
uh		- de onbekende soldaat 2 ('the unknown soldier') - de Oostzee 2 ([The Eastern Sea] - 'the Baltic Sea') - geopend ('opened, open')
E	EP	- Bep (a girls' name) - (het) recept 2 ('recipe' // 'doctor's medication prescription') - (de) klep 2 ('valve') - (de) mep ('slap, blow') - Meppel (a town) - nep- 2 3 ('fake') - Van Eps 2 (a family name) - (het) reptiel 2 ('reptile') - (de) schep ('shovel' // 'scoop') - de Schepping 2 ('Creation') - (de) step 2 ('children's scooter')
EE		- (de) depressie 2 3 ('depression') - (de) deprimerend 2 3 ('depressing') - (de) lepel ('spoon') - (het) lepeltje 2 3 4 ('small spoon') - wij knepen ('we squeezed') - (de) peper ('pepper') - peperduur 2 ('very expensive') - (de) greep 2 3 ('grip, catch, hold, handhold') - 'n reep chocola 2 ('a bar of chocolate - (de) streep 2 3 ('line') - schepen ('ships') - (de) theepauze 2 ('tea break') - dwepen 2 ('to be fanatical about') - (de) zweep 2 ('whip') - (de) zeep ('soap')
uh		- bepaald 2 ('definite' // 'specific, particular') - beperken 2 3 ('to limit') - de Peel 2 (an area in the South-East of The Netherlands) - gepend 2 ('pinned' - chess) - Gennep 2 (a town) - (het) hoogtepunt 2 3 ('high point, zenith, climax') - Pepijn 2 (a boys' name) - creperen 2 3 ('to die miserably') - Wezep 2 (a town)
uh	EQ	- (de) frequentie 2 3 ('frequency')
E	ER	- er ('~there' // '~it') ‑>> - (het) erts 2 ('ore') - (de) erwt ('British pea' - W is not pronounced) - plural: - erwten 2 3 ('peas') - (de) berg ('mountain') - (het) bergje 2 3 ('small mountain') - (het) concert ('concert') - der ('of the' - old-fashioned0 - bederf 2 ('spoilage,'  "rot") - [(de)] derde 2 3 ('third') - Ik ben ingeënt 2 3 slow ('I've been vaccinated') - Ferry (a boys' name) - Ger (a boys' name) - (de) carrière 2 ('career') - Jet (a girls' name) - (de) kers 2 3 ('cherry') - blèren 2 ('bad singing') - (het) merk ('brand') - merken 2 3 ('to notice') - nergens 2 ('nowhere' // ('nothing')) ‑>> - nerveus 2 ('nervous') - per ('for each') ‑>> - (de) pers 2 3 ('press') - (de) sergeant ('sergeant') - (de) misère 2 ('misery') - scherp 2 3 4 5 ('sharp' // 'spicy') - ter ('~at, to' - old-fashioned) - (de) ster ('star') - (de) terp ("hill of refuge") - ver 2 3 / verre 2 3 ('far, distant') ‑>> - (de) verf ('paint') - vers 2 ('fresh') - (de) dwerg ('dwarf') - (het) werk ('work') - werpen 2 ('to throw') - (de) kazerne 2 ('barracks' - soldiers' housing)
EE		- (de) eer 2 ('honor') - eerlijk ('honest, fair') - eerst 2 / eerste 2 ('first') - (de) beer 2 ('bear') - (de) ceder ('cedar' - a tree) - deerlijk 2 3 4 ('pitiful, sorely') - de eerste bus 2 ('the first bus') - (de) sfeer 2 3 ('atmosphere' - tone and mood of a place, event or situation) - (de) conifeer ('conifer, pine tree') - De Geer 2 (a family name) - (de) begeerte 2 ('strong desire') - (de) heer 2 3 ('gentleman' // king - cards) - beheersen 2 ('to control') - (de) keer ('time' - repeating event) - keren 2 ('times' // 'to turn') - (het/de) leer 2 ('leather' // 'doctrine, teachings') - kleren ('clothes') ‑>> - (het) meer 2 ('more' ‑>>) // 'lake') - smerig 2 3 / smerige 2 3) ('unpleasantly, disgustingly dirty, filthy, soiled') - neer ('down' - old-fashioned) - (de) neergang 2 3 ('decline, descent') - (de) peer 2 3 ('pear') - plural: - peren 2 ('pears') - serieus / serieuze 2 ('serious') - scheren 2 3 ('to shave, to shear') - ([de/het]) teer ('fragile' // 'tender' // 'tar') - (de) therapie ('tharapy') - (de/het) veer ('feather' // 'ferry' // 'spring' - tensile) - [(het)] weer 2 ('again' ‑>> // 'weather') ‑>> - zweren 2 ('to swear, take a solemn oath') - [(het)] zeer 2 ('very' // 'hurt, pain') ‑>>
uh		- (het) beroep 2 3 4 ('job, occupation') - (de) ober 2 ('chief waiter') - pocher 2 ('boaster') - (de) adder ('adder' - a snake) - zonder ('without') - (de) koffer 2 ('suitcase') - (de) sufferd 2 ('a not very bright person, a muddlehead') - mager / magere 2 ('skinny') - gerust 2 3 ('~with confidence, without fear, safely') ‑>> - (de) behanger 2 ('wallpaper hanger') - zwanger 2 ('pregnant') - (de) agrariër ('farmer' - bureaucratic) - (de) zaaier 2 ('sower') ‑>> (letter I pronounced as consonant‑Y, Dutch J) - lekker 2 3 4 / lekker/lekkere 2 ('enjoyable, nice, delicious' or simply 'good' or 'well') - (de) klinker ('consonant' // old street paving stone) - aller 2 ('of all, ~very') ‑>> - jammer! 2 ('a pity!') - (de) hamer 2 ('hammer') - nergens 2 ('nowhere' // ('nothing')) ‑>> - (de) trainer 2 ('coach, trainer' - English AI) - (de) kenner 2 3 ('connoisseur') - (de) kelner 2 ('waiter') - dapper ('brave, courageous') - hyper 2 3 4 5 ('hyper') - (het) ererondje 2 ([honorary-] 'victory lap') - (de) passer 2 ('compass' - for drawing circles) ‑>> - (de) heerser 2 3 ('authoritarian ruler') - beter 2 ('better') ‑>> - (de) zetter 2 ('compositor, setter, keyboarder' - in the old days of printing, a person who puts the letters on the printing blocks) - [(de)] verwant 2 ('a relative' // 'related') - (de) lever ('liver') - (de) zwerver 2 3 ('tramp, hobo') - (de) sperwer 2 ('sparrowhawk' - a bird) - bouwers 2 ('builders') - (de) blazers 2 ('players of wood instruments') - (het) ijzer 2 3 ('iron')
‑es	ES	Nouns ending in single E (voiceless, unstressed E) usually add an -S for the plural (exceptions) - (de) dame / dames ('lady' / 'ladies') - (het) meisje / meisjes ('girl' / 'girls') - (de) machine 2 / machines 2 ('machine' / 'machines') - (het) koekje / koekjes ('cookie' / 'cookies') Some people descriptions and job titles ending in -R add -ES 2 ('short' E) for a female version: - onderwijzer / onderwijzeres ('elementary school teacher, male/female') - leraar / lerares ('secondary, 'high' school teacher, male/ female') - leraren / leraressen ('secondary, 'high' school teachers, male/female')
E		- (de) es 2 3 4 ('ash' - a tree // 'E flat' - music) - (de) esdoorn ('maple' - a tree) - Esmée (a girls' name) - (de) essentie 2 ('essence') - Estland ('Estonia') - (de) bes ('berry' // 'E flat') - plural: - bessen 2 ('berries') - best 2 / beste / best/beste 2 ('best') ‑>> - (het) proces ('process' // 'trial, court case') - (het) succes 2 ('success,' good results') - des ('D flat' - music // 'of the' - old-fashioned) - professor ("professor") - (het) kraakfestijn 2 3 4 5 6 ('croaking voice festival') - Hester (a girls' name) - de Jessias 2 (nickname of 'politician' Jesse Klaver - hear above) - Kesteren (a small town) - (het) orkest 2 ('orchestra') - (de) les ('lesson') - (de) fles ('bottle') - (het) flesje 2 ('bottle') - (het) mes 2 3 ('knife') - plural: - messen 2 3 ('knives') - (het) nest ('nest') - (het) nestje 2 ('small nest') - (de) pessimist 2 ('pessimist') - (de) rest 2 ('remainder') - (het) adres ('address') - expres 2 3 ('on purpose, deliberately' // 'express') - (de) prinses ('princess') - (de) obsessie 2 ('obsession') - (de) test 2 3 4 ('test') - (het) vest (wool cardigan or fleece jacket) - (het) vestje ('vest' - sleeveless, over-a-shirt garment with zipper or buttons) ‑>> - (de) wesp 2 ('wasp') - het Westen 2 3 ('the West') - [(de)] zes ('6') - (de) zangeres 2 ('lady singer') - zangeressen 2 ('lady singers') - (de) danseres 2 ('lady dancer') - (de) priesteres 2 3 ('priestess')
EE		- (het) beest ('beast') - (de) decimeter ('decimeter,' - 1/10 meter, 10 cm.) - Desiree (a girls' name) - (het) feest 2 3 4 ('large party, festival') - (de) geest ('spirit' // 'ghost') - hees ('hoarse' - voice) - Kees 2 (a boys' name) - (de) Smeerkees 2 (a person who carelessly gets dirty doing a job) - (de) leest ('last,' shoemaker's tool) - (het) vlees ('meat') - mees 2 ('tit' - a bird - also: a boys' name) - meest ('most') ‑>> - geneesmiddelen 2 ('medicines') - (de) pees 2 ('tendon') - (het) resultaat 2 3 ('result, outcome') - (het) residu 2 ('residuum') - (de) vrees ('fear') - [(de)] wees 2 ('orphan' // '~be!') - (de) zeester 2 3 4 ('starfish')
uh		- (het) beslag 2 ('batter') - de Schelde 2 (a river, mostly in Belgium - (de) geschiedenis ('history') - bietjes 2 ('red beets') ‑>> - jakkes! ('yuck!') - alles 2 ('everything') ‑>> - (de) dreumes ('small child,' 1-3yr) - Hannes / Jannes (boys' names) - principes 2 ('principles') - reserve 2 3 ('spare') - sores ('trouble, worries' - slang) - excuses 2 ('apologies') - kinderziektes 2 ('childhood diseases' - also: 'problems with a new product') - (het) druive(n)sap 2 ('grape juice') - Eduard Douwes Dekker 2 (real name of famous author Multatuli 2 (Latin: 'I have carried, suffered much') ‑>> - (de) Hanzestad 2 3 ('Hansa town') In colloquial speech, the N of eens ('sometimes, sometime') is occasionally dropped, and the word can be written as 's  or es ‑>> Ik vraag me wel 's af ... 2 Sometimes I wonder ...
uh	ESCH	- beschadigen ('to damage') - beschaafd ('civilized, cultured') - beschadigd 2 ('damaged') - (de) beschaving ('civilization') - beschermen ('to protect') - (de) bescherming 2 ('protection') - bescheiden ('modest') - beschikken over 2 ('to have available' // 'to decide about') - onbeschoft ('rude, bad-mannered') - (de) beschuit 2 3 ('crispbake, rusk') - (het) beschuitje ('an enjoyable piece of crispbake, rusk') - (de) beschuldiging 2 ('accusation') - beschuldigen 2 3 ('to accuse') - de Schelde 2 (a river in Belgium) - De Schepper 2 ('The Creator, the Maker' - God) - de Schepping 2 ('Creation') - De Schilderkunst ('The Art of Painting' - a Vermeer painting) - (de) heggeschaar ('hedge clipper') ('harsh' - sound, light) - (het) geschenk 2 ('gift, present' - old-fashioned) - gescheurd ('torn, ripped') - geschiedenis ('history') - geschokt 2 ('shocked') - ongeschoren 2 ('unshaven') - (de) zonneschijn 2 3 ('sunshine') - (de) lagere school 2 ([lower] 'elementary school') ‑>>
E	ET	- Betje (a girls' name) - Bleke Bet 2 3 ('a pale-faced girl) - (het) alfabet 2 ('alphabet') ‑>> - (de) pincet 2 ('tweezers, forceps, very small pliers') - (de) manchet ('cuff' - end of shirt sleeve) - (het) cachet 2 ("class") - (de) cadet 2 3 (incoming military or police officer) - (het) kadetje 2 3 ('white bread roll, like a hot dog bun) - het 2 3 ('#2 the' // 'it') ‑>> - Jet (a girls' name) - (het) loket ('counter window') - (de) ketting 2 3 ('chain' // 'necklace') - (het) ballet ('ballet') - (de) letter 2 ('letter' - alphabet) - met ('with') ‑>> - Metje 2 (a girls' name) - (de) smet 2 ('stain, spot, smudge, blemish') - [(het)] net ('just like' // 'barely' // 'exactly' //'neat' // 'net') ‑>> - knetteren 2 ('to crackle') - (de) pet 2 3 ('cap, baseball cap') - Petten (a town) - (de) sigaret 2 ('cigarette') - (de) pret 2 3 ('enjoyment, fun') - (de) pretletter 2 3 a cheerful, happy small child - (het) portret 2 3 ('portrait') - (het) setje 2 3 ('set, small set') - (de) boortjesset ('a set of drills, drill bits') - (het) kwartet ('quartet') - (het) strijkkwartet ('string quartet') - (het) vet ('fat, grease') - plural: - vetten ('fats') - (het) servetje 2 3 ('small napkin') - (de) wet ('law') - plural: - wetten ('laws') - ouderwets / ouderwetse 2 3 ('old- fashioned') - (de) zet ('move' - in a game or competititon) - (het) verzet ('resistance')
EE		- (de) beet ('animal bite') - (het) detail ('detail' - French AIL) - (het) ideetje 2 ('"little" idea') - Deterding 2 3 (a family name) - (de) profeet 2 ('prophet') - Ageeth 2 (a girls' name) - Van Geet (a family name) - Vergeet ik iets? 2 ('Am I forgetting something?') - heet 2 3 / hete 2 3 / heet/hete 2 ('hot') - (de) dieet 2 ('diet') - jeetje 2 3 4 (mild curse or expression of surprise) - (de) keet 2 ('shed' at building site) - plural: - [(de)] keten 2 3 ('shackle' // 'chain' // 'sheds') - ketenen 2 ('chains') - compleet / complete ('complete, ~full') - het sleet 2 ('it wore out/off') - ik sleet 2 ('~I passed the time') - sleet 2 (simple past tense singular of slijten 2 ‑>> - ik meet 2 ('I am measuring') - (de) komeet ('comet') - (de) planeet 2 ('planet') - (de) magneet 2 ('magnet') - (de) peettante 2 ('godmother') - (de) peetoom 2 3 ('godfather') - (de) kreet 2 ('shout, cry') - concreet 2 / concrete 2 ('physical, solid, real' - not just talk) - (de) tetanus 2 ('tetanus') - (de) veter 2 ('shoestring, shoelace') - plural: - veters 2 ('shoelaces') - (de) veeteelt 2 3 ('animal husbandry,' cattle raising) - weet jij? 2 ('do you know?' - informal singular 'you') - wie weet? 2 3 ('who knows?' // '~maybe') - (het) zweet 2 ('sweat') - (de) zetel ('big chair' - old-fashioned // 'seat' - in parliament or other elected body)
uh		- (het) beton 2 ('concrete') - (het) aceton 2 3 ('acetone') - de tijd ('time, the time') - de Theems ('river Thames') - (het) getij 2 3 ('tide') plural: - (het) getijden 2 3 4 ('tides') ‑>> - (het) weggetje 2 ('small road') - (het) jongetje 2 3 ('little boy') - (het) ratjetoe 2 3 ('mixed dish' - ratatouille?) - (de) ketoembar ('coriander' - from Malay) - sterke thee 2 ('strong tea') - (het) spelletje 2 3 ('"little" game') - meteen 2 ('immediately, right away') - (het) vlammetje 2 ('small' flame') - het mannetje 2 ('the little man, a special worker') - (het) gezinnetje 2 ('little family, basic family') - (het) poppetje 2 ('small doll, small puppet') - slappe thee 2 ('weak tea') - (de) maretak 2 ('mistletoe') - (het) torretje 2 ('small beetle') - een zware taak 2 3 ('a serious assignment, a difficult task') - losse thee ('loose tea leaves') - (de) grote teen ('big toe') - witte tulp 2 3 ('white tulip') - "Lieve Tine," ("Dear Tina,") - onze taal 2 3 ('our language') - vieze thee ('bad-tasting tea')
E EE	EU	The diphthong 'eu' is really another story
uh	EUI	geuit 2 ('~expressed')
EE	EV	- meevallen 2 ('turning out not to be as bad as expected') ‑>> - steevast 2 3 ('regular') - Eva 2 (a girls' name) - even 2 3 ('a moment' // 'equally, just as' // 'even' - numbers) ‑>> - hevig 2 / hevige 2 ('intense, fierce, serious' [think of 'heavy' and 'hefty']) - zeven ('7') - Greven 2 3 (a family name) - kleverig / kleverige 2 ('sticky') - (de) omgeving 2 3 ('surroundings, environment') - Flevoland 2 (the new province of reclaimed land) ‑>> - (de) revolutie 2 ('revolution') - (het) veevoer ('fodder,' animal food)
uh		- (het) geval ('case') - (het) gevalletje 2 ('vey minor incident' // 'small contraption') - gevaarlijk 2 3 ('dangerous') - wij bevalen ('we ordered') - (het) bevel ('command, order') - (het) gevecht 2 3 ('fight') - tevergeefs 2 3 ('in vain, without result') - bevelen 2 ('to order, to command') - een kudde vee ('a herd of cattle') - vieze vis ('bad-tasting fish') - Elsevier (a family name - also a publishing company) - (de) blinde vlek 2 3 ('blind spot' - usually in the eye) - waardevol 2 ('valuable') - (de) revolver 2 ('revolver, handgun') - (het) gevoel ('feeling') ‑>> - tevreden ('content, satisfied, ~happy') - mevrouw 2 3 ('Mrs.' // "Ma'am")
EE	EW	- (het) zeewater 2 ('sea water') - meewerken 2 ('to co-operate') - (het) meewerkend voorwerp ([cooperating item] - 'indirect object, dative') - (het) zeewier 2 3 ('seaweed') - Zeewolde (a town)
uh		- (het) gewas ('crop') ‑>> - (het) gewaad 2 3 4 (ceremonial robe for priests) - (de) bewaker 2 ('guard') - de Waal 2 (a river) - (het) gewauwel 2 3 ('irritating, annoying talk') - (het) geweld 2 ('violence') - bewegen 2 3 ('to move' - body movements) - (de) medewerking 2 ('co-operation') - je wilt 2 ('you want to, you wish') - geweigerd 2 ('refused' - past participle) - (het) bewijs 2 ('proof') - geworden 2 ('become' - past participle) - gewoon / gewone 2 3 ('common, usual') - bewust ('conscious')
E	EX	- (de) ex ('ex') - (de) reflex 2 ('reflex') - (het) triplex 2 ('laminated board,' 3 layers) - (het) multiplex 2 ('laminated board,' >5 layers) ‑>> - (het) bioscopencomplex 2 ('multiplex,' housing several cinemas) - (het) examen 2 3 ('test, exam') - (het) eindexamen ('final exam' - at the end of secondary school) - (het) rijexamen 2 ('driving test') - hexagonaal ('hexagonal') - excentriek 2 3 ('eccentric') - (het) excuus ('apology' // 'excuse') - excuses ('apologies' // 'excuses') - (het) exemplaar 2 3 4 ('specimen, ~copy') ‑>> - exemplaren 2 ('specimens,' '~copies') - flexibel 2 / flexibele 2 ('flexible') - (het) experiment ('experiment') - (de) expert (French ert)  ('expert') - (de) explosie ('explosion') - expres 2 3 ('on purpose, deliberately' // 'express') - (de) sextant ('sextant' - sea navigation tool) - extra 2 ('extra') - (het) extract 2 ('extract, essence') - Alex (a boys' name) - Alexander (a boys' name) - Lex ('boys' name') - Rex (a boys' name) - Exel 2 (a hamlet)
EE	EZ	- (de) bezem ('broom') plural: - (de) bezems 2 ('brooms') - bezig 2 ('busy with, working on') - deze ('this, these') ‑>> - Wolfheze 2 (a town) - Jezus ('Jesus') - Chinezen 2 ('Chinese people') - lezers 2 3 ('readers') - Als 't meezit ... 2 ('If things go well, if we're lucky ...') - pezen ('tendons') - vrezen 2 3 ('to fear') - vezels ('fibers') - (de) wezel ('weasel') - wezen ('orphans' // archaic form of zijn - 'to be') ‑>> - Wezep 2 (a town) - twee zeeën ('2 seas')
uh		- bezet 2 ('occupied') - (het) bezit ('property') - (het) bezoek 2 ('visitor(s)') - dezelfde ('the same') - de zon ('the sun') - De Zeeuw 2 (a family name) - gezond / gezonde ('healthy') - gezellig 2 3 4 5 (untranslatable: ~'pleasant, nice, enjoyable, gregarious, cosy') ‑>> - (het) gezicht 2 ('face' // 'view of') - jezelf ('yourself') - een snufje zout ('a pinch of salt') - (de) plunjezak 2 ('duffel bag') - (het) plezier ('fun, joy, enjoyment, pleasure') - plezierig 2 ('pleasant') - mezelf ('myself') - kromme zee 2 ("crooked sea") - (de) warme zwager ('"warm" brother-in-law,' i.e. 'husband of sister') - geduld is een schone zaak ('patience is ~good') - (de) zure zult 2 (a kind of headcheese) - (de) Engelse ziekte 2 ('rickets,' vitamin D deficiency) - Zo te zien ... 2 3 ([Seeing it this way] - 'It looks like ...') - we zijn er 2 3 ('we are -there, we have arrived at our destination') - ze zijn al twintig jaar samen 2 ('they've already been together for 20 years') - ze zwemt snel ('she's swimming fast, she's a fast swimmer') - Wat ik je zeg! 2 (It's like I say, absolutely! - I'm right)