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Dutch Sailors and Ships of The 17^th Century

You may have seen the names spelled somewhat differently elsewhere.

Dutch independence was won in the Dutch Revolution against Spain (The Eighty-Years War, 1568-1648). The new country called itself The Republic of The (Seven) United Provinces, a federal model already pioneered by the Swiss, and followed again 130 years later by another great nation.
Soon, commercial rivalry led to three wars with England. England is often seen as having led the way in free trade, but that's only after the competition was squashed by unfair means, like its 1651 Act of Navigation that restricted foreign ships to transporting national products, barring the large Dutch international shipping.
From about 1600 to 1750, Holland had the largest merchant fleet of any nation, and the highest Gross National Product per capita in the world.

Willem van de Velde: Michiel de Ruyter Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Admirals Michiel de Ruyter Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp 2 Witte de With 2 Jan Evertsen Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp Michiel de Ruyter Cornelis Tromp Bestevaer (the nickname for popular admirals) hear Witte de With "Dubbel Wit" (wit = white) Jan Evertsen Pieter Florisz. Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam Egbert Meeuwszoon Kortenaer hear Cornelis Evertsen 2 "Keesje (de) Duivel" 2 (3)

Jan Lievens: Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Ship Names

Piet Hein

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Piet Hein, Piet Hein, Piet Hein zijn naam is klein, Zijn daden benne groot, Zijn daden benne groot, Hij heeft gewonnen de Zilvervloot. Hij heeft gewonnen, gewonnen de Zilvervloot, Hij heeft gewonnen de Zilvervloot. hear

... his name is short His actions ['deeds'] are big ('benne' is a slang version of 'to be' - note the similarity) He has captured ['won'] the Silver Fleet.

The Admiralties

De Admiraliteit van Amsterdam - hear - 2
De Admiraliteit van de Maze (Rotterdam) - hear - 2
De Admiraliteit van Zeeland (Middelburg) - hear
De Admiraliteit van het Noorderkwartier (Hoorn en Enkhuizen) - hear
De Admiraliteit van Friesland (Harlingen) - hear - 2 - originally, the Friesland Admiralty was based in Dokkum - hear

The First Anglo-Dutch Sea War (1652-54)

The Second Anglo-Dutch Sea War (1665-67)

Jan van Leiden, 1669 Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam		Peter van de Velde, ca 1670 Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Willem Schellings (n.a.) Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam		Delfland (De Ruyter's ship in 1665) Aert van Nes Willem Joseph baron van Ghent ship: Agatha Adriaan Banckert Tjerk Hiddes Jan van Brakel ship: De Vreede 'Peace' Jan Daniëls van Rijn ship: Pro Patria (Latin: For My Country) hear Johan Belgicus graaf van Hoorne ships: Gelderland (1666) - Westfriesland (1672, 3rd War) hear Dutch Battle Locations Vlie, Vlieland Terschelling hear

More paintings of the Second War:
Bringing in Captured English Ships
Bringing in The Captured 'Royal Charles'
The Royal Arms Decoration of The 'Royal Charles'

The Third Anglo-Dutch Sea War (1672-74)

Many sailors and ships of the second war returned and De Ruyter was again in command. Van Ghent fell in the (undecided) Battle of Solebay, where Van Brakel's ship and the Earl of Sandwich's Royal James had their rigging tangled up for two hours (imagine: fighting and trying to disentangle at the same time); later Van Rijn set fire to this brand-new ship. De Ruyter severely damaged the Duke of York's flagship The Prince.

Willem van de Velde (1691) The Battle of Solebay (Center: the damaged 'Royal Prince') Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Willem van de Velde (ca. 1685) The Battle of Kijkduin (Left: the 'Royal Prince;' right: Tromp's sinking flagship 'Gouden Leeuw.') Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

The Nine-Years War (1688-98)

Steenkerken, Neerwinden (land battles)
Namen (Namurs)
Menno baron van Coehoorn (fortifications engineer)
hear

Cornelis Evertsen de Jongere ('the Younger')(Admiral)
(nickname:) "Keesje de Duivel" (the Devil)
Peter Gilles Schey (Admiral)
Reigersbergen, Veere (ships)
hear

Peace Treaty Towns

The Fourth Anglo-Dutch Sea War (1781-1784)

Cornelis van Cuylenburg: Rear Admiral Zoutman (1801) Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Lodewijk van Bylandt (admiral) Johan Arnold Zoutman (rear admiral) De Slag bij de Doggersbank (The Battle of The Doggers Bank) hear Zoutman's mini-victory gave a much-needed jolt to national pride that had been in the doldrums, a.o. resulting in this bombastic poem quoted by Moerman: De Brit verliest de moed in deze hooge nood. The Briton loses heart in this time of trouble; De Batavier staat pal in 't aangezicht van de dood. The Batavian stands firm facing Death, En beukt en scheurt de macht van Engeland aan flenteren. Rips and rams England's might to smithereens. Het donderend geluid, Sounds of thunder! De Ruyter, Tromp, Piet Hein verrijzen uit hun graf, De Ruyter, Tromp, Piet Hein rise from the grave, Uit vrees, dat Neêrlands moed de laatste doodssnik gaf. Fearful Holland's courage had given its last gasp. Zij komen, zien en gaan gerust weer naar beneden. But seeing all is well go back down below, at ease. hear

Exploration

Asia and The Pacific First Ventures to the East Indies Jan Huygen van Linschoten (provided maps) De Compagnie van Verre (company that set up the first journey) hear De Compagnie van Verre 2 3 ('the Company of Faraway') 1596 ships and captains Mauritius - Jan Jansz Molenaar Hollandia - Jan Dignumsz Amsterdam - Jan Jacobsz Schellinger Duifken - Simon Lambertsz Mau hear 1596 leaders: Cornelis (de) Houtman Pieter Keijzer Jan Jansz. Molenaar 1598 leaders: Jacob van Neck Wybrant van Warwijck [Jacob van Heemskerck see Barentsz, right] hear The ship 'Mauritius' that made the voyage to the East Indies in 1596-97. Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom, ca 1615 - Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Pacific Routes to the East Indies Willem Schouten (Cape Horn (1616), named for Zuyder Zee town:) Hoorn Jacob Quaeckernaeck ship: De Liefde 'Love' (Japan, 1600) Olivier van Noort (first Dutch circumnavigator, 1598-1600) Jacob Roggeveen (Easter Island, 1722) hear Japan Dirck Gerritsz Pomp - "Dirck China" Jan Joosten van Lodensteyn hear First Dutch Ships that Set Out for Japan De Liefde (love) Het Geloof (religion, belief) De Hoop (hope) De Trouw (faithfulness) De Blijde Boodschap (The Good News) hear The Dutch East- and West-India Companies VOC and WIC De Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie Heren XVII ('Seventeen Gentlemen,' the VOC Board of Directors) De West-Indische Compagnie Heren XIX ('Nineteen Gentlemen') hear Full title of the WIC: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie (geoctroyeerd = 'granted a monopoly')

The North-East Passage Searching for the North-East Passage to Asia, Barentsz and his crew discovered Spitsbergen ("Sharp-pointed Mountains"), got stuck in the ice and wintered on Novaya Zemlya (Nova Zembla) 1596/97. Willem Barentsz Jacob van Heemskerck (captain, later admiral) Jan Cornelisz. de Rijp (captain of companion ship that turned back) Gerrit de Veer (published report) Het Behouden Huis (the shelter they built) Spitsbergen (Svalbard) hear Smeerenburg ('Grease-Town') hear The Dutch 17th Century Spitsbergen Whaling Station Australia Dutch ships on the way to Java would sail straight East from the Cape of Good Hope; some that took the turn North too late sighted Australia (or shipwrecked.) Willem Jansz ship: Duyfken 'little dove' (Cape York, 1606) Dirck Hartogh ship Eendracht 'Harmony/Union' (West coast, 1616) Jan Carstensz ship: Arnhem (Eastern town; 1944's Bridge Too Far) (North-West coast, 1623) Pieter Nuyts ship: 't Gulden Zeepaard 'The Golden Sea-Horse' (South coast, 1627) * Abel Tasman (Tasmania, New Zealand, Fiji (1642); he named what's now Tasmania 'Van Diemensland.') hear Dirk Hartog 2 Meynsgen Abels 2 3 (Mrs Dirk Hartog) Pieter Nuyts 2 Abel Tasman 2 South Africa In 1652, Van Riebeeck built a fort at the Cape of Good Hope as a halfway station for the ships to and from the East Indies ('The Inn of Two Oceans') that later grew out to Cape Town. Jan van Riebeeck ships: Drommedaris, Reijger, Goede Hoop, Walvis, Oliphant one-humped camel, heron, Good Hope, whale, elephant hear Governors of the Dutch Indies Jan Pieterszoon Coen ship: Het Wapen van Amsterdam 'Amsterdam Arms' Anthonie van Diemen hear Miscellaneous Salamander (De Ruyter's merchantman) Kamperduin (1797 Anglo-Dutch sea battle - Holland under French occupation) Cornelis Speelman Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan) Maarten Fries ship: Castricum (Sakhalin, 1643) hear Ships Vocabulary schip - schepen ('ship - ships') averij ('damage' - to a ship) muiterij ('mutiny') schipbreuk 2 3 ('shipwreck') scheepswrak ('wrecked ship') scheurbuik ('scurvy') See also: more ship words

Cartographers

Willem van der Velde, The Gust of Wind (1663) Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

The Anglo-Dutch Wars part of this page was suggested by Jim Bender of Kentish Knock. Jim gave me the lists of captains and ships of the First War, clarified the names of English admirals, pointed me to other interesting websites, and corrected various inaccuracies. The Ship Names list is from sailingwarships.com. Literature Consulted: Louwerse/Moerman Geïllustreerde Vaderlandse Geschiedenis Willem Velema: Het Aanzien van Een Millenium Colin McEvedy Penguin Historical Atlases Encyclopaedia Britannica Nelleke Noordervliet: Op De Zeef van De Tijd Rietbergen/Seegers: De Geschiedenis van Nederland in Vogelvlucht Reference: Staet van Oorlog te Water (Yearly Government Report on the War at Sea) Elias: Schetsen uit De Geschiedenis van Ons Zeewezen (Sketches from The History of Our Maritime Affairs) hear More Dutch Names --- Vermeer's World --- Rembrandt --- Old New York NEW: Dutch Names from Books NEW: Maps and Names from Operation Market Garden ('The Bridge too Far') Historical Maps of The Netherlands (Land Reclamation) (some also with sound files) email - copyright © 1999-2006 Marco Schuffelen - All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.

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email - Copyright © Marco Schuffelen 2015. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, redistributed, or hotlinked to.
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