Dutch Verbs: Reflexive Verbs - Smartphones Page

-- (het) onderwerp --

-- (het) lijdend voorwerp 2 --

'terugkeren' 2

- (de) terugkeer

zich

zichzelf 2

zich wassen 2 'to wash yourself, oneself'

zich wassen		to wash yourself, oneself
ik was me		I wash myself
ik waste me		I washed myself
ik heb me gewassen		I have washed myself
2

We hadden ons goed gewassen 2 We had washed ourselves well

zich verdedigen 2 3 to defend oneself

zich verdedigen		to defend oneself
ik verdedig me		I defend myself
jij verdedigt je		you defend yourself (singular, informal you)
hij verdedigt zich		he defends himself
zij verdedigt zich		she defends herself
wij verdedigen ons		we defend ourselves
jullie verdedigen je		you defend yourselves (plural, informal you)
zij verdedigen zich		they defend themselves
U verdedigt zich		you defend yourself (polite you)

Hij heeft zich goed verdedigd He [has] defended himself well See also verdedigen (without 'zich') below

The Reflexive Pronouns

Nominative English / Dutch		Reflexive
I	ik	me mezelf
singular you	jij / je	je jezelf
he	hij	zich zichzelf
she	zij / ze	zich zichzelf
we	wij / we	ons onszelf
plural you	jullie	je jezelf
they	zij / ze	zich zichzelf
polite you	U	zich zichzelf Uzelf 2

Ik heb geen moment voor mezelf 2 I [have no moment] don't have a moment to myself Hoe weinig tijd er is voor mezelf 2 How little time there is to myself Heb Uw naaste lief als Uzelf 2 Love your neighbor like yourself Mezelf kennende ... 2 Knowing myself ... (my weaknesses)

zichzelf zien 2 3 'to see oneself'

zichzelf zien		to see oneself
ik zie mezelf		I see myself
jij ziet jezelf		you see yourself
hij ziet zichzelf		he sees himself
zij ziet zichzelf		she sees herself
wij zien onszelf		we see ourselves
jullie zien jezelf		y'all see yourselves
zij zien zichzelf		they see themselves
U ziet Uzelf U ziet zichzelf		you see youself

Ik heb mezelf gezien 2 I have seen myself Ik heb mezelf op TV gezien 2 3 I have seen myself on television Zie je jezelf dat doen? 2 [Do you see yourself doing that?] Can you imagine doing that?

The verbs in the examples above have the same subject and object, but it's not necessarily so, they can have other objects and still have the same meaning, like in the sentences below:

Ik was de hond 2 I'm washing the dog - theoretically the Dutch line could also mean 'I was the dog' (in a play or a dream) Ik was de ramen 2 I'm washing the windows

Ik zag de sterren
I saw the stars Heb je haar gezicht gezien? 2 Have you seen her face? Ik heb hem in geen jaren gezien 2 [I have seen him in no years] - I haven't seen him in years

verdedigen to defend
Ze verdedigde haar proefschrift She defended her thesis Ik verdedig mijn standpunt 2 I'm defending my viewpoint Hij verdedigde zijn land He was defending his country Wij verdedigen ons land 2 We're defending our country See also zich verdedigen above

another reflexive verb:
Hij hoefde zich niet te bewijzen. He didn't have to prove himself. Ze konden 't niet bewijzen 2 They couldn't prove it

Reflexive Verbs?

zich

overgeven 2 to throw up, to vomit
zich overgeven 2 to surrender
Ik moest overgeven I had to throw up Ik moest me overgeven 2 3 I had to surrender

zich herinneren		to remember
ik herinner me		I remember
jij herinnert je		you remember
hij herinnert zich		he remembers
zij herinnert zich		she remembers
wij herinneren ons		we remember
jullie herinneren je		y'all remember
zij herinneren zich		they remember
U herinnert zich		you remember

As mentioned above, the verbs in this group either come with a reflexive pronoun or have a different meaning without the reflexive pronoun. These verbs can have another object than the reflexive pronoun - to me, the reflexive pronoun doesn't look like an object for these verbs (but I'm not a grammarian.)

Ik herinnerde me hem goed 2 I rememberered him well (I had a clear picture of him in my mind) But: Ik herinnerde hem aan z'n belofte 2 I reminded him [of? about? his promise] that he'd made a promise Ik herinnerde hem aan de afspraak I reminded him of the agreement, that there was an agreement

Ik herinner me 't niet. 2 I don't remember [it.] Ik kan me 't niet herinneren. 2
(Ik kan 't me niet herinneren. ) I [can't] don't remember [it.] Nou herinner ik 't me weer. 2 Now I remember [it] [again.] But: Herinner me eraan 2 3 Remind me about it, remind me to ...

zich vergissen 2 3 to be mistaken

zich vergissen		to be mistaken
ik vergis me		I am mistaken
jij vergist je		you are mistaken
hij vergist zich		he is mistaken
zij vergist zich		she is mistaken
wij vergissen ons		we are mistaken
jullie vergissen je		y'all are mistaken
U vergist zich		you are mistaken

Ik kan me vergissen 2 3 4 'I [can] may be mistaken' We hebben ons vergist 2 'We were mistaken' Jullie hebben je in hem vergist 2 'You guys were mistaken about him' (de) vergissing 'honest mistake'
Alles was een vergissing [Everything was a mistake] - It was one big mistake

zich neerleggen bij 2 3 4 to resign oneself to, acquiesce in

zich vervelen 2 to be bored

zich vervelen		to be bored
ik verveel me		I'm bored
jij verveelt je		you're bored
hij verveelt zich		he's bored
zij verveelt zich		she' bored
wij vervelen ons		we're bored
jullie vervelen je		youse are bored
zij vervelen zich		they're bored
U verveelt zich		you're bored

Verveel je je? Are you bored? (singular informal) But: Verveel ik je? 2 3 Am I boring you? Do I bore you? Verveelt U zich? Are you bored? (polite) Ik verveel me nooit 2 'I'm never bored' Ik verveel me te pletter 2 3 'I'm bored stiff' ['crushed by boredom'] Heb je je erg verveeld? 2 'Were you very bored?' Ik heb me niet verveeld 2 3 'I was not bored' (de) verveling 2 boredom
uit verveling 2 3 out of boredom, because they were bored

'Boring' is saai (saai / saaie 2 ->>)
saaie Piet 'Boring Peter' - a bore, a boring person Wat een saai verhaal! 2 3 4 Such a boring story! Saaie boel is het hier 2 3 It's boring here. What a boring place this is. There's nothing going on eentonig 2 3 monotonous, unvarying

An opposite of 'saai'  is boeiend 2 3 'gripping, fascinating, interesting'
The verb boeien 2 literally means to shackle, 'put in irons' but figuratively means something like 'to hold, capture your attention.'
handboeien 'handcuffs'
Het boeide me niet ['It didn't shackle me, I wasn't gripped by it'] - It was not really interesting een boeiend verhaal 2 an interesting, fascinating story also:  fascinerend fascinating
gefascineerd fascinated
opwindend 2 3 exciting
interessant 2 3 interesting ‑>>

But the adjective and adverb vervelend (vervelend / vervelende 2) is a little stronger than 'bored' - it's more like 'unpleasant, irritating'
't Blijft vervelend 2 [It remains unpleasant] It's still annoying Wat vervelend! How unpleasant! Wat vervelend nou! 2 3 How unpleasant! [now] een vervelende man 2 an unpleasant (male) person een vervelende situatie 2 an unpleasant situation 't Is een vervelend trekje 2 3 4 It's an unpleasant, annoying trait, habit (characteristic or habitual behavior of a person) also:  onprettig 2 3 / onplezierig 2 3 unpleasant

hinderlijk 2 is literally 'inconvenient, hampering, impeding, keeping you from doing something' but it usually has the milder meaning 'annoying, irritating'

English 'to feel' can (among other things) refer both to feelings 'inside' a person and to sensations felt on the skin. For the 'internal feelings' Dutch uses the reflexive verb zich voelen and for what's felt on the skin Dutch uses the 'regular' verb voelen 2

voelen		to feel
ik voel		I feel
ik voelde		I felt
ik heb gevoeld		I have felt
2

zich voelen		to feel ('inside')
ik voel me		I feel
ik voelde me		I felt
ik heb me gevoeld		I have felt
2

Hoe voel je je? 2 How are you feeling? - more Ik voel me zo vol. 2 [I feel so full] I've eaten too much. Ik voel me niet lekker I don't feel well - Medical Voel je je beter? 2 Are you feeling better? Ik had me nog nooit zo ziek gevoeld 2 3 I had never before felt that sick

But: Ik voelde de regen op m'n gezicht 2 I felt the rain on my face Voel hoe zacht de stof is! 2 3 Feel how soft the fabric is!

zich aanstellen 2 to behave in an exaggerated manner, usually childish, out of touch with reality Stel je niet aan! 2 Don't exaggerate, don't be childish (patronizing) Hij stelt zich aan 2 He's exaggerating, behaving like a child

zich voorstellen 2 1. to introduce oneself
2. to imagine Mag ik me even voorstellen? 2 Allow me to introduce myself Ik stelde me voor 2 1. I introduced myself
2. I imagined ...
Stel je voor ... 2 Imagine ... (with another intonation it could also mean: "Introduce yourself!") Stel je voor dat er geen auto's zouden zijn! 2 Imagine that there would be no cars! Stel je voor dat er geen auto's waren! 2 Imagine that there were no cars! Ik kan me voorstellen dat ... 2 3 4 I can imagine that ..., it's possible that ...

zich zorgen maken 2 to worry
Maak je geen zorgen over mij. Don't worry about me. Ik begon me zorgen te maken 2 3 I was starting to worry

zich afvragen to wonder
Ik vraag me wel eens af ... 2 'Sometimes I wonder ...' Ik vraag me af of ... 2 'I wonder if ...' Ik vraag me af hoe 't komt 2 I wonder [how it comes] why it is, what causes it

zich haasten to hurry
Haast je als je de tijd hebt,
dan heb je de tijd als je haast hebt. 'Hurry when you have time,
then you'll have time when you're in a hurry.' ‑>>

zich ontspannen 2 3 to relax
Ontspan je! 2 'Relax!'
Je moet je ontspannen 2 3 'You should relax!'

zich verbazen 2 to be surprised, amazed
't Verbaast me 2 3 I'm surprised 't Verbaast me niet 2 3 I'm not surprised 't Verbaast me niks 2 I am [zero] not surprised Ik verbaas me over het zelfvertrouwen 2 I'm surprised at the self-confidence Het zou me niet verbazen 2 'I would not be surprised' verbazingwekkend 2 3 surprising, amazing also:  Ik sta nergens meer van te kijken 2 'Nothing surprises me anymore' - Thank you, Johan!

zich ergeren 2 to be annoyed
Ik erger me dood 2 3 I'm deeply annoyed ['to death'] zich ergeren aan 2 3 4 to be annoyed by (at, with) Ik erger me aan z'n houding 2 3 4 I'm annoyed by his attitude Ik erger me aan de buren 2 3 4 I'm annoyed by the neighbors

zich vermaken 2 to be entertained, to enjoy yourself We hebben ons prima vermaakt 2 3 We [very well] really enjoyed ourselves

zich omkleden to change (clothes)
Ga je je omkleden? 2 Are you going to change? (clothes)

zich bemoeien met to meddle with, getting involved with something where you're not wanted Je moet je d'r niet mee bemoeien 2 You shouldn't meddle, stay away from it Bemoei je d'r niet mee Don't get involved with it, go away!

zich verslapen to oversleep (not get up in time) Ik had me verslapen I had overslept

zich omdraaien 2 3 4 to turn around (standing up) // to turn over (lying down, like in bed) Hij draaide zich om en liep weg 2 3 He turned around and walked away Draai je nou niet nog een keer om 2 3 [Now don't turn over (in bed) another time] - Get up!

zich beheersen 2 3 'to control yourself, have a grip on your emotions' Beheers je! 2 Get a grip on yourself, behave!
- Flemish has the to Dutchmen funny phrase:
'Herpak U!' 2 Ik kan me niet beheersen 2 I can't control myself (I'm doing stupid things) Hij wist zich te beheersen 2 3 4 He was able to control himself, he kept his temper (he didn't become emotional, he did not react in anger) (de) zelfbeheersing 2 [self-control] grip on yourself 'beheersen' 2 by itself means 'to rule, govern' or 'have control over'
(de) beheerder 2 manager, administrator, 'super'

zich bewegen 2 to move (your body)
Beweeg je niet! Don't move! Freeze!

zich branden 2 3 'to burn oneself,' to get burned Ik heb me gebrand 2 3 'I burned myself,' I got burned Heb je je gebrand? 2 3 Did you burn yourself? Did you get burned? Brand je niet! 2 3 Dont get burned! (Be careful) 'To brand,' burn a mark in the skin of an animal is brandmerken 2 ('burn a mark')

Van zich laten horen 2 3 ['to let hear of yourself'] - to communicate, to be in touch - usually in the negative with:
'niet' 2 (not) or
'niks' / 'niets' ('nothing') Hij laat niks van zich horen 2 He is not in touch ('We are not hearing from him') Hij heeft niks van zich laten horen 2 He has not been in touch ('We have not heard from him') Ze laten niet van zich horen 2 They are not in touch ('We are not hearing from them') We hadden iets van ons moeten laten horen 2 3 We should have been in touch, we should have contacted

zich schamen 2 3 to be ashamed Je moest je schamen 2 You ought to, should be ashamed of yourself (de) schaamte shame

zich gedragen 2 3 to behave Gedraag je! 2 3 Behave! (het) gedrag 2 3 behavior
(het) wangedrag misbehavior, misconduct
(het) onbesproken gedrag impeccable behavior

Maak 't jezelf gemakkelijk 2 3 [Make it easy for yourself] - Do it in an easy way, don't make it too complicated Maak 't je gemakkelijk 2 3 Make yourself comfortable (relax etc.)

in zichzelf gekeerd 2 introvert op zichzelf 'by itself, in itself' - of a person this means 'by yourself,' alone, without company or help, but for words it means without context, and otherwise it means without accompanying circumstances, without 'baggage'

'Zelf' as 'Yourself, Oneself'

'zelf' 2

Doe het zelf Do-it-yourself Hij doet alles zelf 2 3 He does everything himself, by himself Je moet het zelf doen 2 3 You have to do it yourself Ik kan het niet voor je doen 2 3 4 5 I can't do it for you

Je hebt 't zelf in de hand 2 3 [You have it in your hand yourself] - It's in your own hands (You are in control of it) Ik heb 't zelf bedacht 2 3 I thought of it myself, I thought it up myself (original thinking) Al zeg ik 't zelf 2 3
[Even if I say so myself] - If I may say so Geloof je het zelf? 2 Do you believe [it] so yourself? (What the person is saying is unbelievable, can't be true) "Je moet het zelf weten" 2 3 literally: 'you must know it yourself' - said when you tell someone about possible outcomes, give options: "But is is your choice, your decision." It indicates that the speaker expects the advice will be ignored Ik kan er helaas niet zelf bij zijn Unfortunately, I cannot be there myself

The phrases 'zelf niet' and 'zelf geen' state that the person referred to is an exception in the group
Ik speel zelf geen piano 2 I don't play the piano myself (but all my friends and/or family do) Heb je zelf geen kinderen? 2 3 Don't you have children yourself? Ik ben zelf niet van adel 2 I am not of the nobility myself

vanzelf 2 by itself, 'automatically'
vanzelfsprekend [speaking by itself] - self-evident, obvious, 'of course' Het wijst zich vanzelf 2 It will be obvious, you'll quickly see how (No need for instructions or a manual) Als 't niet vanzelf overgaat, ga ik ermee naar de dokter If it doesn't go away by itself, I'll go see a doctor about it

automatisch / automatische
/ automatisch/automatische automatic, automatically (het) automatisme automatism
(de) automaat 2 'machine, automatic,' // car with automatic gear shifting automatisch, zonder erover na te denken 2 3 4 automatically, without thinking AU in these words is like French AU, Dutch 'long O' - see and hear: ‑>>

zelfstandig 2 ['self-standing'] - independent also: onafhankelijk independent (de) onafhankelijkheid independence (de) zelfbeschikking 'self-determination,' autonomy (de) zelfbeheersing 2 [self-control] grip on yourself zelfverzekerd [sure of yourself] - self-confident, self-assured zeker van mezelf 2 3 [certain of myself] - self-confident, self-assured zeker van jezelf 2 [certain of yourself] - self-confident, self-assured (het) zelfvertrouwen 2 [self-trust] - self-confidence (de) zelfoverschatting 2 [self-overestimation] - an exaggerated sense of your own importance or abilities, 'inflated ego'

(de) zelfbediening 2 self-service (at the supermarket) zelfklevend 2 3 self-adhesive

(het) zelfstandig naamwoord 2 3 noun ‑>>

(de) zelfstandige zonder personeel 2 [independent without staff] - self-employed person, often a consultant ‑>>

'zelfs' is English 'even,' referring to extreme or unexpected situations ‑>>
Zelfs in de schaduw was het warm Even in the shade it was hot

hetzelfde and dezelfde are 'the same' ‑>>
't Is toch overal hetzelfde 2 It's the same everywhere (anyway) - there's no escaping kaarten van dezelfde kleur [cards of the same color] - playing cards of the same suit niet helemaal precies hetzelfde 2 3 [not entirely exactly the same] - not completely identical

'Eigen' = 'Own'

'Eigen' is 'belonging' or referring to the person mentioned: 'own, personal,' sometimes 'private'

Ik heb 't met eigen ogen gezien 2 3 I've seen it with (my) own eyes Zeg 't in je eigen woorden 2 Say it in your own words, use your own words (use simple words, don't quote others or official sources) Ga je met je eigen auto? Will you be driving your own car? Het is hun eigen geld It's their own money een eigen huis 2 a house of your own, a house that you own 't Is je eigen schuld 2 3 4 It's your own fault, you yourself are to blame ‑>> eigen schuld! 2 It's your own fault, you only have yourself to blame

Baas in eigen buik 2 3 [Boss in] Master over (our) own belly - women's reproductive rights slogan (het) schot in eigen doel [shot, score in] own goal Elke dag heeft genoeg aan z'n eigen leed Each day has enough suffering of its own 't Is voor je eigen bestwil 2 3 It's for your own benefit, it's in your own best interest (You'll thank me later)

Ga je eigen weg 2 [Go your own way] - Choose yourself what you want to do, make your own choices Ik heb er m'n eigen ideeën over 2 3 4 I have my own ideas about it (I do not agree with the majority opinion)

Een koekje van eigen deeg 2 (saying) ['a cookie of (your) own dough'] 'a taste of your own medicine' - you yourself getting the bad treatment you thought up for (or already meted out to) others Een sigaar uit eigen doos 2 3 (saying) ['A cigar from your own box'] - Something is presented as a gift, but it turns out you have to pay for it op eigen benen staan 2 3 4 5 standing on your own [legs] feet, being independent - note that Dutch has 'legs' instead of 'feet' and doesn't have 'your'

eigen weg private road (a sign) (de) eigen bijdrage 2 ['own contribution'] co-payment (het) eigen risico 2 'own risk,' deductible

'Voorlezen' 2 is to read aloud from a text or a book, usually to an audience. The English word is also 'to read.'
Voorlezen uit eigen werk 2 Writers reading (aloud) from their own work Hij las voor uit eigen werk 2 He read (aloud) from his own work

(het) eigendom property, ownership, possession 'Eigendom is diefstal' 2 3 Property is theft (Proudhon) also: (het) bezit property, ownership, possession (het) bezittelijk voornaamwoord 2 possessive pronoun ‑>> Het bezit van de zaak is het eind van het vermaak 2 3 'Ownership is the end of pleasure' - probably meaning that working towards goals is the interesting part; having reached goals boredom may set in

(de) eigenaar owner, proprietor
De vorige eigenaar had het huis roze laten verven The previous owner had had the house painted pink Like English 'to have' Dutch commonly uses hebben for 'to own, being the owner of' ‑>>
Heb je een auto? do you [own] have a car? Heeft Jan een auto? 2 3 does John have a car? Hij heeft geen auto he doesn't have a car Heeft U een fiets? Do you have a bicycle? (polite 'you')

eigenwijs 2 self-willed, ~contrary
also: koppig 2 stubborn
tegendraads 2 3 contrary eigenzinnig ['following your own sense'] - unconventional, self-willed, idiosyncratic, quirky, ~unorthodox eigengereid self-willed, obstinate, headstrong

(de) eigenschap 2 3 characteristic feature, qualitiy eigenschappen 2 qualities, properties, characteristics ‑>>

Gevoel van eigenwaarde ['feeling of own-worth'] 'self-esteem'

In the first part of the Middle Ages, some people in Europe were lijfeigenen 2 - slightly better off than slaven 2 'slaves.' Originally they were probably captives and vanquished enemies from the wars between tribes. ‑>> (I don't know if the word is related to the 'eigen' of this paragraph.)

'Eigenlijk' 2 is usually translated as 'actually.' Ideally it means 'real, true' or 'in essence' but it's often abused and given a vague meaning

Het is eigenlijk al te laat It is actually already too late Ik denk eigenlijk van niet - foutje I actually think it's not - (I made) a [little] mistake Ik weet 't eigenlijk niet 2 3 4 I actually don't know, I'm not sure Ik heb eigenlijk geen tijd 2 3 4 5 I really have no time - I shouldn't but I'll give you a minute Waarom is dat eigenlijk? 2 3 4 Why is that (actually)?

There is a math term 'eigen value'   but its 'eigen' 2 3 is from German

(de) persoon 2 person, individual (het) individu 2 individual, person (de) tussenpersoon 2 person-in-between, go-between, intermediary (het) tweepersoonsbed [2-person bed] double bed, Queen- or King-size per persoon 2 3 4 per person, each, a head, for each person
(note the two different E-pronunciations) persoonlijk (persoonlijke 2) personal
persoonlijk voornaamwoord personal pronoun ‑>> 2 (de) persoonlijkheid 2 3 personality, character
(de) persoonlijkheidsstoornis 2 3 personality disorder (a mental illness) een sterke persoonlijkheid 2 3 a strong personality, character een krachtige persoonlijkheid 2 3 a strong, forceful personality, character

Reciprocal Verbs, 'elkaar' and 'samen'

wederkerige werkwoorden 2

elkaar

mekaar

elkaar ontmoeten 2 3

Ze ontmoetten elkaar op een feestje 2 3 They met [each other] at a party
(The past tense plural 'ontmoetten' sounds exactly the same as the present tense plural 'ontmoeten' - when you hear the line, it may also mean 'they meet ...' like in describing a book or a movie) Dan kunnen we elkaar eindelijk echt ontmoeten 2 Then we'll finally really meet [each other] (face to face, 'in the flesh')
"We benne op de wereld om mekaar te hellepe niewaar?" 2 We're in this world to help each other out isn't it?
Elkaar voor rotte vis uitmaken 2 3 4 (expression) 'Calling each other spoiled (rotten) fish' - mutual insulting

onder elkaar 'among each other' - in trusted, exclusive company mannen onder elkaar 2 3 'men among each other' - men without women, occasionally misbehaving

naast elkaar 2 3 next to each other

twee dagen achter elkaar 2 3 4 Two days [after each other] in a row

dicht op elkaar 2 3 close together (high density)

Ze praten langs elkaar heen 2 3 4 ['They talk along each other'] - they dont't listen to each other, they don't understand each other, they're not communicating - 'they talk at cross-purposes'

Alles grijpt in elkaar 2 ['All things grip (into) each other'] - Everything is connected

alles bij elkaar 2 3 > everything together uit elkaar 2 3 ['out of each other'] - no longer together Zijn Jan en Klazien uit elkaar? 2 3 Are Jan en Klazien not together anymore? (is it over between them, is the relationship over?)

samen	together
(de) samenwerking	cooperation, collaboration
(de) samenhang 2	connectedness, coherence, connection, relationship/i>
(de) samenleving 2	(human) society
(de) samenstelling 2	composition, make-up
(de) samentrekking 2	contraction (words)
(de) wee plural: weeën	contraction (birth)
(de) samenvatting 2 3	summary, abstract, synopsis
(de) samenzwering 2 3	conspiracy

(de) samenloop van omstandigheden [convergence, running into each other, coming together of circumstances] - coincidence
ze deden alles samen they did everything together
Toch konden ze goed samenwerken Still, they were able to work together well
Samen uit, samen thuis [Leaving together, going home together] - 'We're in this together'

beide 2	both
allebei 2 3	both, both of them

aan beide kanten 2 3 'on both sides' één van beide is dan gelogen 2 And then one of the two [has been lied] is a lie 't Is allebei goed 2 3 [It is ...] Both of them are good, OK with me

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