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Basic Dutch: Nouns - Adjectives, Adverbs and Verbs - Prepositions (etc.): pictorial / list - Supplement

Master Lists of Dutch Words
with pronunciation, translation and links to explanation, samples of usage and/or related words: Dutch Listing - English Listing

Basic Dutch 4: Prepositions etc. (systematic list)

or go to Alphabetic List

The author's biographies on the front pages of Penguin books often had a phrase like 'He is married with two children.' This looks somewhat funny to a Dutchman: a pervert polygamist? (That cannot be) - because 'with' is usually translated into Dutch as 'met' - and Dutch says: getrouwd met click to hear for 'married to' - Hij is getrouwd met een Belgische click to hear ('he is married to a Belgian woman.') 'He is married with two children' translates (a bit longish) as: Hij is getrouwd en heeft twee kinderen click to hear - Prepositions can only rarely be translated straightforward, it's not often that preposition A in English can every time be translated as preposition B in Dutch.


about- om click to hear ‑>> bomen om het huis click to hear trees about the house
veel gedoe om niks click to hear much ado about nothing
het gaat niet om het geld click to hear it's not about the money
het gaat wel om het geld click to hear but it is about the money
- rond click to hear ‑>> bomen rond het huis click to hear trees about the house
rond vier uur click to hear at about four o'clock
- ongeveer click to hear ongeveer veertig euro click to hear about forty euro
om ongeveer vier uur click to hear at about 4 o'clock
- aan click to hear ‑>> Niks aan te doen! click to hear 2 3 'nothing can be done about it,
it can't be helped'
- over click to hear ‑>> het boek gaat over dolfijnen click to hear the book is about dolphins
above see over below
across- over click to hear ‑>> een brug over de gracht click to hear a bridge across the (city) canal

after- na click to hear ‑>> na de oorlog click to hear after the war
na acht uur / na achten click to hear after 8 o'clock

against - tegen click to hear ‑>> tegen een boom click to hear against a tree
ben je voor of tegen? click to hear are you for or against?

among- tussen click to hear ‑>> tussen de bomen in het bos click to hear among the trees in the forest

at- op click to hear ‑>> op dit punt click to hear at this point
op het moment click to hear at the moment
- aan click to hear ‑>> we zaten aan het ontbijt click to hear we [sat] were at breakfast
er is iemand aan de deur click to hear there is someone at the door
- om click to hear ‑>> we gaan om zes uur weg click to hear we'll leave at six o'clock
- in click to hear ‑>> in die tijd hadden we allemaal lang haar click to hear at that time all of us had long hair
- naar click to hear ‑>> hij schoot een pijl naar de boom click to hear he shot an arrow at the tree
ze keken naar de wolken click to hear they were looking at the clouds

before- voor click to hear ‑>> het begint voor acht uur click to hear it starts before eight o'clock
voor de oorlog click to hear before the war
below see under below
between- tussen click to hear ‑>> B is tussen A en C click to hear B is between A and C
tussen 1940 en 1945 click to hear between 1940 and 1945

by- door click to hear ‑>> het huis werd door een raket getroffen click to hear the house was hit by a rocket
- van click to hear ‑>> een schilderij van Van Gogh click to hear a painting by Van Gogh
- bij click to hear ‑>> hij zat bij het raam click to hear he was sitting by the window

down- omlaag click to hear naar beneden click to hear ‑>> we gleden omlaag click to hear we (glided) slid down
we gingen naar beneden met de lift click to hear we went down in the elevator

from- van click to hear ‑>> ver van huis click to hear far from home
van 1940 tot 1945 click to hear from 1940 to 1945
- uit click to hear ‑>> Ik kom uit Amerika click to hear I'm from the US
ik kom uit Engeland click to hear I'm from England
- vanuit click to hear een aanval vanuit een land is een aanval door dat land click to hear an attack from a country is an attack by that country
in- in click to hear ‑>> in het huis click to hear in the house
in de problemen click to hear in trouble
- binnen click to hear ‑>> kom je binnen of wil je buiten blijven? click to hear are you coming in or would you rather stay outside?
- op click to hear ‑>> op tijd click to hear in time

into- in click to hear ‑>> - binnen click to hear ‑>> hij ging 't huis in click to hear
hij ging 't huis binnen click to hear
he went into the house

off- van click to hear ‑>> voetjes van de vloer click to hear [feet off the floor] start dancing!
- van ... af click to hear ‑>> de bal rolde van de tafel af click to hear he ball rolled off the table

on- op click to hear ‑>> het boek op de tafel click to hear the book on the table
het voorstel op tafel click to hear he proposal on the table
op het dak click to hear on the roof
op tijd click to hear on time
een hagedis op de muur click to hear a lizard on the wall
- aan click to hear ‑>> een foto aan de muur click to hear a picture on the wall

over, above - boven click to hear ‑>> boven 't huis click to hear over the house
er was niemand boven hem click to hear there was nobody above him
though see although

through - door click to hear ‑>> ze kwam binnen door het raam van de badkamer click to hear she came in through the bathroom window
- tot en met click to hear ‑>> maandag tot en met vrijdag click to hear Monday [up to and including] through Friday

to ‑>> - naar click to hear ‑>> hij gaat naar Rotterdam click to hear he's going to Rotterdam
we gingen naar een concert click to hear we went to a concert
- tot click to hear ‑>> van negen tot zes click to hear from 9 to 6
tot de laatste man click to hear to the last man
- aan click to hear ‑>> hij gaf een cadeau aan Jo click to hear he gave a present to Joe
gelijkwaardig aan click to hear equal in value to
- voor click to hear ‑>> wees aardig voor dieren click to hear be kind to animals
aandacht voor details click to hear attention to details
ze zijn een gevaar voor de wereldvrede click to hear they are a danger to world peace
- op click to hear ‑>> het antwoord op Uw vraag click to hear the answer to your question
- te click to hear ‑>> hij hoefde zich niet te bewijzen click to hear he didn't have to prove himself
- -- ‑>> - 2 we moesten hard werken click to hear we had to work hard

under, below - onder click to hear ‑>> onder de tafel click to hear under the table
onder het huis click to hear under the house

up- omhoog click to hear naar boven click to hear ‑>> we klommen omhoog click to hear we climbed up
we gingen met de roltrap naar boven click to hear we took the escalator up

with- met click to hear ‑>> patat met mayonaise click to hear french fries with mayonaise
koffie met melk en suiker click to hear coffee with cream and sugar
- bij click to hear ‑>> een koekje bij de thee click to hear a cookie with your tea

without- zonder click to hear ‑>> patat zonder mayonaise click to hear french fries without mayonaise
zonder verdoving click to hear without anaesthesia
zonder veel gevaar click to hear without much danger


as- omdat click to hear ‑>> omdat ik Nederlands ben click to hear as I am Dutch

as a- als click to hear ‑>> als voorbeeld click to hear as an example
als Nederlander zou ik zeggen ... ja! click to hear as a Dutchman I'd say ... yes!

for- voor click to hear ‑>> bloemen voor Elly click to hear flowers for Ella
- voor click to hear ‑>> ben je voor of tegen? click to hear are you for or against?
- om ... te click to hear ‑>> de beste plaats om Nederlands te leren click to hear the best place for learning Dutch
- -- ‑>> ze bleven een week in Delft ... click to hear they stayed for a week in Delft ...
(because) - want click to hear ‑>> ... want er was zo veel te zien click to hear ... for there was so much to see

of, 's- van click to hear ‑>> de burgemeester van Amsterdam click to hear the Mayor of Amsterdam
de mok van Piet click to hear Peet's mug
de man van m'n moeder click to hear my mother's husband
of - aan click to hear ‑>> waar denk je aan? click to hear what are you thinking of?
than- dan click to hear ‑>> twee is groter dan één click to hear 2 > 1 (2 is bigger than 1)
drie is kleiner dan 4 click to hear 3 < 4 (3 is smaller than 4)
Londen is ouder dan Berlijn click to hear London is older than Berlin
till- tot click to hear ‑>> tot nu toe click to hear up till now
laten we tot morgen wachten click to hear let's wait till tomorrow


the- de click to hear ‑>> de man, de vrouw click to hear the man, the woman
- het click to hear 't click to hear ‑>> het kindje, het huis click to hear
't kindje, 't huis click to hear
the little child, the house

a- een, 'n click to hear ‑>> een dag als alle andere click to hear a day like all others, just another day
een man, een vrouw, een kindje click to hear a man, a woman, a little child

one - één click to hear ‑>> één keer per dag click to hear [one time] once daily


Adjectives often get an -E ending: enig / enige click to hear 'any' - elk / elke click to hear 'every' - ieder / iedere click to hear 'every' - ander / andere click to hear 'other' - zulk / zulke click to hear 'such' - more

all- alle click to hear ‑>> alle mensen zijn gelijk click to hear all men are equal
- alles click to hear ‑>> alles was rustig click to hear all was quiet
- de hele click to hear ‑>> de hele dag click to hear all day
- geheel click to hear ‑>> geheel in 't zwart click to hear all, entirely in black
- iedereen click to hear ‑>> iedereen is welkom click to hear all are welcome

any - welke dan ook click to hear ‑>> neem welke dan ook click to hear take any
- wat click to hear ‑>> is er wat te eten? click to hear is there any food?
- -- ‑>> heb je wol? click to hear do you have any wool?
- enig click to hear ‑>> is er enig verband? click to hear is there any connection?
is er enig contact geweest? click to hear has there been any communication?
heb je enig idee wat het is? click to hear do you have any idea what it is?
was er enige vooruitgang? click to hear has there been any progress?
is er enige verbetering? click to hear is there any improvement?

not any - helemaal niet click to hear hij was helemaal niet wijzer geworden click to hear he [has not gotten] is not any wiser
- helemaal geen click to hear ik heb helemaal geen interesse click to hear I haven't any interest, I'm not interested at all helemaal click to hear 2 completely, entirely, fully, all over ‑>>
- geen enkele click to hear ‑>> ik heb geen enkele interesse click to hear I don't have any interest, I'm not interested at all

every- elk click to hear ieder click to hear ‑>> elk woord was waar click to hear every word was true
iedere soldaat heeft een moeder click to hear every soldier has a mother
de zon komt iedere dag op click to hear the sun comes up every day

no- nee click to hear ‑>> "Heeft U bananen?" / "Nee." click to hear "Do you have bananas?" / "No."
- geen click to hear ‑>> er zijn geen bananen click to hear there are no bananas
er zijn geen bergen in Nederland click to hear there are no mountains in Holland

other- ander click to hear ‑>> aan de andere kant van de muur click to hear on the other side of the wall
heeft U een ander tafeltje? click to hear would you have another table?
is er niet een andere oplossing? click to hear is there not another solution?
others- anderen click to hear sommige mensen denken dat ze meer rechten hebben dan anderen click to hear some people think they have more rights than others

some- sommige click to hear ‑>> sommige dieren zijn meer gelijk click to hear some animals are more equal
- wat click to hear ‑>> mag ik wat meel? click to hear can I have some flour?
heb je wat brood? click to hear would you have some bread?

such- zulk click to hear ‑>> zulke grote voeten! click to hear such big feet!
such a- zo een click to hear zo'n click to hear ‑>> zo'n mooie dag click to hear such a beautiful day
hij is zo'n goede kok click to hear he is such a good cook

such ... as - zulke ... als click to hear ‑>> (zulke) dingen als sterke drank click to hear such things as liquor
zulke dingen als vrijheid en gelijkheid click to hear such things as liberty and equality


When used as adjectives, 'dit' and 'deze' are 'this' and 'these' - but Dutch uses 'dit' for het-words, and deze for de-words, and all plurals; 'dat' and 'die' are 'that' and 'those' - but Dutch uses 'dat' for het-words, and die for de-words, and all plurals. see picture

that - die click to hear ‑>> die auto daar click to hear that car there ‑>>
- dat click to hear ‑>> - 2 dat huis daar click to hear that house there ‑>>
dat is mijn huis click to hear that is my house
dat is mijn auto click to hear that is my car
is het waar dat ...? click to hear is it true that ...?

this- deze click to hear ‑>> deze auto hier click to hear this car here ‑>>
- dit click to hear ‑>> dit huis hier click to hear this house here ‑>>
- dit click to hear ‑>> dit is mijn huis click to hear this is my house
dit is mijn auto click to hear this is my car

those- die click to hear ‑>> die woorden zijn gemakkelijk click to hear those words are easy
- dat click to hear ‑>> dat zijn mijn woorden click to hear those are my words

these- deze click to hear ‑>> deze woorden zijn moeilijk click to hear ‑>> these words are hard
- dit click to hear dit zijn mijn woorden click to hear these are my words ‑>>


Personal Pronouns
Basic English only has three personal pronouns:
I, he and you. I'll give a few more for Dutch:

ik
click to hear
I
je
click to hear
you
(singular,
informal)
hij
click to hear
he
ze
click to hear
she
't
click to hear
it
we
click to hear
we
jullie
click to hear
you
(plural,
informal)
ze
click to hear
they
U
click to hear
you
(polite)
Dutchmen use a variety of personal pronouns. The extreme instance is second person singular 'you,' which can be can be 'jij,' 'je,' 'jou' - and the possessive 'your' is 'jouw' - but in almost all cases the simple 'je' is good enough, also as the possessive form.
Likewise, use 'ze' for both 'she' and 'they.'

simplified list (Supplement) - complete list (Lesson 7) - sample sentences


and- en click to hear ‑>> dag en nacht click to hear day and night
eten en drinken click to hear food and drink
peper en zout click to hear pepper and salt

because - omdat click to hear ‑>> hij was blij omdat het mooi weer was click to hear he was happy because the weather was fine
omdat ik het zeg click to hear 2 3 4 because I say [it] so (an authoritarian statement)

but- maar click to hear ‑>> raar maar waar click to hear strange but true
alle mensen zijn gelijk, maar sommige zijn meer gelijk click to hear all men are equal but some are more equal
ouder maar niet wijzer click to hear older but not wiser
hij was eerlijk, maar beleefd click to hear he was honest but polite
but for - behalve click to hear ‑>> behalve hun hersens zijn mensen net dieren click to hear men are like animals but for their brains
behalve z'n neus lijkt hij op z'n oma click to hear but for his nose he looks like his grandmother
or- of click to hear ‑>> nu of nooit click to hear now or never
wil je kaas of ham op je brood? click to hear would you like cheese or ham on your bread?


although,
though
- hoewel click to hear ‑>> hoewel 't regende ging hij toch zonder jas naar buiten click to hear though it was raining he still went out without a coat
hoewel de proef mislukte, hebben we toch veel geleerd click to hear although the experiment was a failure, we still learned a lot
hoewel hij hard gewerkt had, zakte hij voor het examen click to hear although he had worked hard, he failed the test

if- als click to hear ‑>> 2 als ik jou was zou ik niet gaan click to hear if I were you I wouldn't go
als je 't nu niet doet, wanneer dan wel? click to hear if not now, when? [if you don't do it now, when are you?]
als het regent wordt de wedstrijd afgelast click to hear if it rains, the game will be canceled

while- terwijl click to hear ‑>> hij maakte het avondeten terwijl zij piano speelde click to hear he prepared dinnner while she played the piano


Query Words: wie
click to hear
who
wat
click to hear
what
waar
click to hear
where
wanneer
click to hear
when
hoe
click to hear
how
waarom
click to hear
why
Simple Answers

In question mode, the verb comes before the subject.

who - wie click to hear ‑>> wie ben ik? click to hear who am I?
wie zal dat betalen? click to hear who'll pay for that?

what - wat click to hear ‑>> wat is dat? click to hear what's that?
wat zegt U? click to hear what [do] did you say? (polite)
wat wil je drinken? click to hear what would you like to drink?
- waar click to hear ‑>> waar ben je mee bezig? click to hear what are you [busy with] working on?
- hoe click to hear ‑>> 2 hoe laat is het? click to hear what's the time? ‑>> 2

where - waar click to hear ‑>> waar is de uitgang? click to hear where is the exit?
waar ben je geweest? click to hear where have you been?
(what places have you visited?)
waar blijft de tijd? click to hear 2 where does the time go?

when - wanneer click to hear ‑>> wanneer ben je jarig? click to hear when is your birthday?
wanneer kom je thuis? click to hear when will you come home?

how - hoe click to hear ‑>> hoe doe je dat? click to hear how do you do that?
hoe gaat 't? click to hear how are you? (informal)
hoe is 't met je moeder? click to hear how is your Mother?
hoe is 't mogelijk? click to hear [how is it possible?] how can it be?

why - waarom click to hear ‑>> waarom zijn de bananen krom? click to hear why are bananas not straight?
waarom ben je boos? click to hear why are you angry?


again- weer click to hear ‑>> de zon kwam weer op click to hear the sun came up again
de motor doet 't weer! click to hear the engine is running again!

ever- ooit click to hear ‑>> ben je ooit in Memphis geweest? click to hear have you ever been to Memphis?
Als je ooit deze kant op komt ... click to hear if you ever come this way ...

far- ver click to hear ‑>> ver van huis click to hear far from home
het is niet ver naar ... click to hear it is not far to ...
hij is ver weg click to hear he is far away

forward- vooruit click to hear ‑>> (de) vooruitgang click to hear progress
door de tegenwind kwamen we maar met moeite vooruit click to hear because we had the wind against us, we only moved forward [with difficulty] slowly

here- hier click to hear ‑>> hier en daar click to hear here and there
hier is 't warm - daar is 't koud click to hear here it's warm - over there it's cold
hier is de ingang click to hear the entrance is here

near (place) - dicht bij click to hear ‑>> hij woont dicht bij het museum click to hear he lives near, close by the museum
we zijn dicht bij de grens click to hear we're near the border
(time)- nabij click to hear ‑>> 't einde is nabij click to hear the end is near
de verre toekomst en de nabije toekomst click to hear the distant future and the near future

now- nu click to hear nou click to hear ‑>> waarom ben je nu hier? click to hear why are you here now?
ben je nou blij? click to hear are you happy now?
nou is 't wel genoeg geweest click to hear now that's [been] enough!

out- uit click to hear ‑>> hij stapte uit de auto click to hear he stepped out of the car
hij liep uit de vergadering click to hear he walked out of the meeting

still- nog click to hear ‑>> het is nog vroeg click to hear it is still early
is er nog genoeg tijd? click to hear is there still enough time?
(nevertheless)- toch click to hear ‑>> toch konden ze goed samenwerken click to hear still, they worked together well
hoewel 't regende ging hij toch zonder jas naar buiten click to hear though it was raining he still went out without a coat

then (past) - toen click to hear ‑>> .. en toen werd het donker click to hear 2 3 4 .. and then it got dark
.. en toen gingen we eten click to hear 2 .. and then we [ate] had a meal
.. en toen dronken we koffie click to hear .. and then we had coffee
then (future) - dan click to hear ‑>> .. en dan wordt 't donker click to hear 2 3 .. and then it gets dark
.. en dan gaan we eten click to hear 2 .. and then we'll [eat] have a meal
.. en dan is er feest click to hear .. and then there'll be a party
.. en dan wordt 't spannend click to hear .. and then it'll get exciting

there- daar click to hear ‑>> daar is een brievenbus! click to hear (over) there is a mailbox! >>
- er click to hear ‑>> er is genoeg tijd click to hear there is enough time
er was er eens ... click to hear once upon a time there was ... ‑>>

together- samen click to hear ‑>> ze deden alles samen click to hear they did everything together

well- goed click to hear ‑>> ze kenden hem goed click to hear they knew him well
bietjes en spinazie passen goed bij elkaar click to hear red beets and spinach go together well


almost- bijna click to hear ‑>> we zijn er bijna click to hear we're almost there
het is bijna klaar click to hear it's almost ready

enough- genoeg click to hear ‑>> het is goed genoeg click to hear it is good enough
er is eten genoeg click to hear
er is genoeg eten click to hear 2
there is enough food

even- zelfs click to hear ‑>> zelfs in de schaduw was het warm click to hear even in the shade it was warm
zelfs als hij geweten had dat het zou gaan regenen ... click to hear even if he had known that it was going to rain ...
- even click to hear ‑>> even en oneven getallen click to hear even and odd numbers

few, little- weinig click to hear niet veel click to hear ‑>> er zijn weinig walvissen over click to hear there are few whales left
er was weinig geld click to hear there was little money
hij zei niet veel click to hear he didn't say much
little - klein click to hear ‑>> het kleine broertje click to hear the little brother

less, fewer- minder click to hear ‑>> Minder werk voor minder mensen click to hear 2 Less work for fewer people
minder vloeken click to hear curse less, less cursing ‑>>
minder computerspelletjes doen click to hear play fewer computer games, spend less time ...

much, many- veel click to hear ‑>> er was veel geld click to hear there was much, a lot of money
er werd veel gesproken over vrijheid click to hear much was said about freedom, there was a lot of talk about freedom
er waren veel klachten click to hear there were many complaints
veel mensen spreken Engels click to hear many people speak English
te veel mensen met te veel geld click to hear 2 too many people with too much money

not- niet click to hear ‑>> het is niet waar click to hear it is not true
ik heb 't niet gedaan click to hear I did not do it

only- enig click to hear ‑>> dit is de enige kans click to hear this is the only chance
de enige uitweg is omhoog click to hear the only way out is up
het enige boek dat dit goed beschrijft click to hear [the only book that describes this well] - the only book to describe this well
- alleen click to hear ‑>> hij dronk alleen water click to hear he only drank water
- maar click to hear ‑>> 't duurde maar tien minuten click to hear it only lasted 10 minutes

quite (rather) - nogal click to hear ‑>> het is nogal ver click to hear it is quite far
(completely) - helemaal click to hear ‑>> U heeft helemaal gelijk click to hear you are quite right

so, very - zo click to hear ‑>> dat is zo ouderwets! click to hear that is so old-fashioned!
so, like this/that - zo click to hear ‑>> zeg dat het niet zo is click to hear say that it ain't so
so (I gather) - dus click to hear ‑>> dus je wilt Nederlands leren? click to hear so you want to learn Dutch?

very- erg click to hear ‑>> ze zijn erg gevoelig click to hear they are very sensitive
hij was erg moe click to hear he was very tired
't Was erg gezellig click to hear It was really pleasant, I/we enjoyed it very much ‑>>


Alphabetic List

Basic Dutch: Nouns - Adjectives, Adverbs and Verbs - Prepositions (etc.): pictorial / list - Supplement

- Verbs and Their Prepositions

Master Lists of Dutch Words
with pronunciation, translation and links to explanation, samples of usage and/or related words: Dutch Listing - English Listing

email - Copyright © Marco Schuffelen 2020. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, redistributed, or hotlinked to.
Gij zult niet stelen click to hear 'Thou shalt not steal'